2007年11月30日星期五
Nissan Skyline Celebrates 50th Anniversary
The Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. unveiled a Skyline Coupe to be released in Japan in autumn this year at an event held on April 24, 2007 commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Skyline. A right drive version was unveiled for the first time at this event, while the left hand drive version of this model was previously exhibited as the "Infiniti G37 Coupe" at the New York Motor Show just this April, 2007.
The Nissan Skyline celebrated its 50th anniversary yesterday in regal style at an event held at Tokyos new Midtown development. The Skyline, a mid-size car, is available as either in a coup or a sedan body style. Reckoning back to 1957, the Skyline is a legendary car in the Nissan lineup. It comes with a long heritage of performance and style that captured the motoring fans around the globe.
Taking this opportunity, Nissan also showed the all-new Skyline Coupe in the said event, making its first appearance in Japan. The new Skyline Coupe is scheduled for release in Japan this fall.
Chief engineers for the product development of each generation Skyline, including Shinichiro Sakurai, the chief development engineer of the first Skyline model, were present in the celebration. The event featured a film presentation that mirrored the evolution of the Skyline design, performance and image throughout the various milieus of each generation Skyline.
Additionally, a fashion show titled the Skyline GT Collection commemorative of the anniversary was held in, featuring twelve of todays most popular fashion models, including Yoko Horiuchi. The models were dressed in specifically designed outfits, inspired by each generation of the Skyline.
Celebrity guests include musician Joe Hisaishi, actor Ken Watanabe, while major league baseball player Ichiro sent his congratulations via a video message. Each of these celebrities share in a common trait with the Skyline i.e. that they were born in Japan but have since gained fame and recognition in the global arena. Hisaishis latest composition, I Will Be, written for the Skylines new TV commercial, was performed for the first time by Mai Hisaishi, who is also featured on the commercial.
The Skyline 50th Anniversary exhibition, featuring each generation Skyline model, is open to the public at Tokyo Midtown Garden until the 6th of May. Also, all-new Skyline Coupe and the Skyline GT Collection fashion line will be displayed at the Midtown Atrium from Wednesday, April 25th through Sunday, May 6th - Nissan.
The current Skyline, equipped with remarkable Nissan accessories and quality auto parts, is sold in North America, South Korea, Taiwan, and the Middle East as the Infiniti G35. Details are not given by the company, but the car, which is basically similar as the G37 Coupe, seems to be mounted with a 3.7L V6 engine "VQ37VHR" that is equipped with a variable valve timing/lift mechanism.
The front view of the car shows that the emblem on the grill of the American version is Infiniti, while that of domestic version is Nissan. Front fenders of the domestic version feature side marker lamps, which are not found on the American version. The rear view flaunts that the domestic version has the emblem of Nissan and letters below the emblem have been changed from Infiniti to Skyline. Additionally, the emblem of model name for the American version is the G37, while that of domestic version is the 370GT.
The Buick Autos For 2007
Buick originated as an independent motor car manufacturer, the Buick Motor Company, incorporated on May 19, 1903 by David Dunbar Buick in Flint, Michigan. In 1904 the struggling company was taken over by James Whiting, who brought in William C. Durant to manage his new acquisition.
Buick soon became the largest car maker in America. Using the profits from this, Durant embarked on a series of several dozen corporate acquisitions, calling his new mega-corporation General Motors.
In 1929, the Buick Motor Division launched the Marquette sister brand, designed to help bridge the price gap between Buick and Oldsmobile, however Marquette was discontinued in 1930.
At first, the different manufacturers who comprised General Motors competed against each other, but Durant put a stop to that. He wanted each General Motors division to target one class of buyer, and in his new scheme Buick was near the top, only the luxurious Cadillac brand had more prestige.
Even today, Buick retains that position in the GM lineup. The ideal Buick customer was comfortably off; possibly not quite rich enough to afford a Cadillac or not desiring the ostentation of one, but definitely in the market for a car a cut above the norm. Buick is the fourth oldest marque in the world.
The Buick Rainier shares its body shell and mechanical platform with GM's other mid-size SUVs, the Chevrolet TrailBlazer and GMC Envoy. But of the three, only the Rainier offers a 300-horsepower V8 engine in the handier, standard-wheelbase configuration. For 2007, a one-year subscription to General Motors' OnStar Turn-by-Turn navigation system and a tire pressure monitoring system now come standard.
Rainiers come with rear, or all-wheel drive. An electronically controlled rear air suspension is intended to produce a comfortable ride. A 291-horsepower, 4.2-liter inline-six-cylinder is standard, and a 302-hp, 5.3-liter V-8 is optional. A four-speed automatic is the sole transmission. On the exterior, clear headlights have offset high/low beam fixtures. Fog lamps with chrome surrounds are standard.
The Buick Terraza loses its all-wheel-drive model but gains more power for 2007, which, Buick says, will be this minivan's final model year. It's the costliest, most luxurious of the group. Terraza is front-wheel drive and comes in CX, new-for-2007 CX Plus, and top-line CXL models. All are equipped with a 240-hp 3.9-liter V6 engine that replaces a 201-hp 3.5 V6. A 4-speed automatic remains the only transmission. Anti-lock Brake System and traction/antiskid control are standard.
Terraza seats seven. It has 2nd-row bucket seats that fold and remove and a 50/50 3rd-row bench that folds flat atop the cargo floor. Front and 2nd-row side airbags that provide head and torso protection are standard on CXL, optional on CX Plus, unavailable on CX. Curtain side airbags are unavailable. Load-leveling suspension and DVD entertainment are standard on CX Plus and CXL. Rear obstacle detection is also available.
The Buick Rendezvous, also in its final model year, loses its optional V6 engine and available all-wheel drive for 2007. This SUV shares a basic platform with Buick's Terraza minivan. Rendezvous seats five with a standard three-place 2nd-row split bench seat that slides fore and aft. A two-passenger 3rd-row seat is optional, as are twin bucket seats to replace the 2nd-row bench.
Rendezvous has front-wheel drive with available traction control. A 195-hp 3.5-liter V6 and 4-speed automatic transmission comprise the sole drivetrain; an optional 242-hp 3.6 V6 has been dropped. Anti-lock Brake System, rear obstacle detection, and OnStar assistance are standard. Front side airbags are available. No curtain side airbags are offered.
For 2007, several new luxury features become standard on Buick's midsize sedan, the LaCrosse, including General Motors' OnStar Turn-by-Turn navigation system. Three versions of the LaCrosse are offered this year - the CX, the midlevel CXL and the performance-oriented CXS. CX and CXL models use a 3.8-liter V-6 engine that produces 200 horsepower and 230 pounds-feet of torque. A 3.6-liter V-6 with variable valve timing goes into the CXS and delivers 240 hp and 225 pounds-feet of torque. Both engines team with a four-speed automatic transmission. Three levels of traction control, including General Motors' StabiliTrak electronic stability system, are offered.
In the 2007 Buick Lucerne, three trim levels are available: CX, CXL and CXS. Buick emphasizes the QuietTuning of the Lucerne, which the automaker claims will reduce or tune out unwanted wind, road and powertrain noise.
In the CX or CXL, the 3.8-liter V-6 meets Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle standards and produces an estimated 197 horsepower at 5,200 rpm and 227 pounds-feet of torque.
Standard in the CXS and optional in the CXL, the 32-valve dual overhead cam all-aluminum 4.6-liter V-8 delivers an estimated 275 hp at 5,600 rpm and 295 pounds-feet of torque. Both engines work with a four-speed automatic transmission, run on regular-grade gasoline and feature electronic throttle control.
Buick began consolidating its lineup in 2005, replacing the Century and Regal with the LaCrosse, and the LeSabre and Park Avenue with the Lucerne in 2006.
The company plans to replace both of its SUVs, the Rendezvous and Rainier with the Enclave within 18 months. However, for 2007 Buick is going all out with its line up.
Buick soon became the largest car maker in America. Using the profits from this, Durant embarked on a series of several dozen corporate acquisitions, calling his new mega-corporation General Motors.
In 1929, the Buick Motor Division launched the Marquette sister brand, designed to help bridge the price gap between Buick and Oldsmobile, however Marquette was discontinued in 1930.
At first, the different manufacturers who comprised General Motors competed against each other, but Durant put a stop to that. He wanted each General Motors division to target one class of buyer, and in his new scheme Buick was near the top, only the luxurious Cadillac brand had more prestige.
Even today, Buick retains that position in the GM lineup. The ideal Buick customer was comfortably off; possibly not quite rich enough to afford a Cadillac or not desiring the ostentation of one, but definitely in the market for a car a cut above the norm. Buick is the fourth oldest marque in the world.
The Buick Rainier shares its body shell and mechanical platform with GM's other mid-size SUVs, the Chevrolet TrailBlazer and GMC Envoy. But of the three, only the Rainier offers a 300-horsepower V8 engine in the handier, standard-wheelbase configuration. For 2007, a one-year subscription to General Motors' OnStar Turn-by-Turn navigation system and a tire pressure monitoring system now come standard.
Rainiers come with rear, or all-wheel drive. An electronically controlled rear air suspension is intended to produce a comfortable ride. A 291-horsepower, 4.2-liter inline-six-cylinder is standard, and a 302-hp, 5.3-liter V-8 is optional. A four-speed automatic is the sole transmission. On the exterior, clear headlights have offset high/low beam fixtures. Fog lamps with chrome surrounds are standard.
The Buick Terraza loses its all-wheel-drive model but gains more power for 2007, which, Buick says, will be this minivan's final model year. It's the costliest, most luxurious of the group. Terraza is front-wheel drive and comes in CX, new-for-2007 CX Plus, and top-line CXL models. All are equipped with a 240-hp 3.9-liter V6 engine that replaces a 201-hp 3.5 V6. A 4-speed automatic remains the only transmission. Anti-lock Brake System and traction/antiskid control are standard.
Terraza seats seven. It has 2nd-row bucket seats that fold and remove and a 50/50 3rd-row bench that folds flat atop the cargo floor. Front and 2nd-row side airbags that provide head and torso protection are standard on CXL, optional on CX Plus, unavailable on CX. Curtain side airbags are unavailable. Load-leveling suspension and DVD entertainment are standard on CX Plus and CXL. Rear obstacle detection is also available.
The Buick Rendezvous, also in its final model year, loses its optional V6 engine and available all-wheel drive for 2007. This SUV shares a basic platform with Buick's Terraza minivan. Rendezvous seats five with a standard three-place 2nd-row split bench seat that slides fore and aft. A two-passenger 3rd-row seat is optional, as are twin bucket seats to replace the 2nd-row bench.
Rendezvous has front-wheel drive with available traction control. A 195-hp 3.5-liter V6 and 4-speed automatic transmission comprise the sole drivetrain; an optional 242-hp 3.6 V6 has been dropped. Anti-lock Brake System, rear obstacle detection, and OnStar assistance are standard. Front side airbags are available. No curtain side airbags are offered.
For 2007, several new luxury features become standard on Buick's midsize sedan, the LaCrosse, including General Motors' OnStar Turn-by-Turn navigation system. Three versions of the LaCrosse are offered this year - the CX, the midlevel CXL and the performance-oriented CXS. CX and CXL models use a 3.8-liter V-6 engine that produces 200 horsepower and 230 pounds-feet of torque. A 3.6-liter V-6 with variable valve timing goes into the CXS and delivers 240 hp and 225 pounds-feet of torque. Both engines team with a four-speed automatic transmission. Three levels of traction control, including General Motors' StabiliTrak electronic stability system, are offered.
In the 2007 Buick Lucerne, three trim levels are available: CX, CXL and CXS. Buick emphasizes the QuietTuning of the Lucerne, which the automaker claims will reduce or tune out unwanted wind, road and powertrain noise.
In the CX or CXL, the 3.8-liter V-6 meets Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle standards and produces an estimated 197 horsepower at 5,200 rpm and 227 pounds-feet of torque.
Standard in the CXS and optional in the CXL, the 32-valve dual overhead cam all-aluminum 4.6-liter V-8 delivers an estimated 275 hp at 5,600 rpm and 295 pounds-feet of torque. Both engines work with a four-speed automatic transmission, run on regular-grade gasoline and feature electronic throttle control.
Buick began consolidating its lineup in 2005, replacing the Century and Regal with the LaCrosse, and the LeSabre and Park Avenue with the Lucerne in 2006.
The company plans to replace both of its SUVs, the Rendezvous and Rainier with the Enclave within 18 months. However, for 2007 Buick is going all out with its line up.
2007年11月29日星期四
Relationship Between Birth Defects, Strokes and Paxil
Since 2004, there have been several lawsuits against GlaxoSmithKline pharmaceutical company because of the effects of the several side effects that were caused by patients taking the antidepressant Paxil medication. The numerous side effects caused the patients to have increased suicidal and violent thoughts, nausea, dizziness, headaches, and dysfunctional sexual behavior. These are to name only a few of the side effects. These side effects have caused patients both mental and physical harm, injury, and even death. Now, there is the belief that the side effects of Paxil could possibly be linked to strokes.
Depression is one of the mental illnesses that have been treated with Paxil. Depression is a condition caused by a chemical imbalance or a chemical mix up in the brain. One of these brain chemicals is called serotonin. Serotonin is something that helps send electrical brain signals from one brain nerve cell to another. According to medical experts, a person who has a serotonin imbalance has a brain that is not able to send messages from one nerve cell to another; and this has an affect on cell-to-cell communication. When a patient takes Paxil, the Paxil attempts to block the serotonin from being reabsorbed back into the sender cells. It attempts to alter the brain communication. Therefore, it is believed that this alternation of brain communication can result in a stroke for the patient.
People who have experience a stroke when they were taking Paxil are part of the thousands of lawsuits currently taking place against GlaxcoKlineSmith pharmaceutical company. It is believed that the changes in the brain chemical reactions caused by Paxil have lead to possible stroke in some patients who took Paxil for any period of time. Paxil does alter the chemical makeup and the chemical reactions in the brain and this could possible cause a stroke. A stroke is when there is a lack of oxygen in the brain and this lack of oxygen could have been altered as well when the patient was taking Paxil.
If you have recently suffered a stroke and were taking Paxil when the stroke occurred, you should contact a Paxil lawyer to discuss the possibilities of a lawsuit. Chances are, your stroke may be related to your Paxil intake and a Paxil lawyer could discuss your conditions, your experiences and offer you guidance and counsel as to how to approach the lawsuit.
The use of Paxil to treat depression and other psychological disorders was considered a nominal risk when the drug first hit the market in 1992. The use of it was widespread with over two million new prescriptions written in 2002. However, in the last few years, greater scrutiny hit the manufacturers, Glaxo Smith Kline for the potential cover up of the risks of Paxil birth defects, especially in women who are prescribers in their first trimester.
Birth defects attack the heart of the infant, resulting in everything from minor valve problem and murmurs to holes in the heart that will eventually need transplantation. Paxil birth defects have greatly contributed to the widespread debate of the over use of antidepressant medication. While the defects are taking center stage, Paxil addiction became prevalent in those who tried to suddenly stop taking it in order to prevent the risk of a birth defect.
Paxil addiction can be just as serious as any other drug addiction, however many people are not realizing that they are suffering from the addiction until well after the addiction has set in. Pregnant women have an especially difficult time with Paxil addictions as their natural inclination to protect their baby from birth defects have them ignoring a doctor's orders to wean themselves off the medication. Birth defects and addictions have many Paxil attorneys asking one simple question. Why has it taken so long for the warnings about its use to get to the public's ears?
The notion of Paxil addiction has been flatly denied by Glaxo Smith Kline, although there is a lot of stammering when it comes to birth defects. A cover up? Probably. Women taking it in their first trimester are twice as likely to give birth to a child with a birth defect, and birth defects are so incredibly devastating that Glaxo Smith Kline is unlikely to admit fault any time soon.
Paxil attorneys express that filing lawsuits against the drug company can not only help bring media attention to this devastating situation, but may very well pressure the Food and Drug Administration to take a closer look at psychotropic medications. Paxil is only one of many over prescribed medication that cause serious ill effects, and if the Food and Drug Administration would require more stringent guidelines for these medications, Paxil birth defects and Paxil addiction would be an almost non-existent problem.
Depression is one of the mental illnesses that have been treated with Paxil. Depression is a condition caused by a chemical imbalance or a chemical mix up in the brain. One of these brain chemicals is called serotonin. Serotonin is something that helps send electrical brain signals from one brain nerve cell to another. According to medical experts, a person who has a serotonin imbalance has a brain that is not able to send messages from one nerve cell to another; and this has an affect on cell-to-cell communication. When a patient takes Paxil, the Paxil attempts to block the serotonin from being reabsorbed back into the sender cells. It attempts to alter the brain communication. Therefore, it is believed that this alternation of brain communication can result in a stroke for the patient.
People who have experience a stroke when they were taking Paxil are part of the thousands of lawsuits currently taking place against GlaxcoKlineSmith pharmaceutical company. It is believed that the changes in the brain chemical reactions caused by Paxil have lead to possible stroke in some patients who took Paxil for any period of time. Paxil does alter the chemical makeup and the chemical reactions in the brain and this could possible cause a stroke. A stroke is when there is a lack of oxygen in the brain and this lack of oxygen could have been altered as well when the patient was taking Paxil.
If you have recently suffered a stroke and were taking Paxil when the stroke occurred, you should contact a Paxil lawyer to discuss the possibilities of a lawsuit. Chances are, your stroke may be related to your Paxil intake and a Paxil lawyer could discuss your conditions, your experiences and offer you guidance and counsel as to how to approach the lawsuit.
The use of Paxil to treat depression and other psychological disorders was considered a nominal risk when the drug first hit the market in 1992. The use of it was widespread with over two million new prescriptions written in 2002. However, in the last few years, greater scrutiny hit the manufacturers, Glaxo Smith Kline for the potential cover up of the risks of Paxil birth defects, especially in women who are prescribers in their first trimester.
Birth defects attack the heart of the infant, resulting in everything from minor valve problem and murmurs to holes in the heart that will eventually need transplantation. Paxil birth defects have greatly contributed to the widespread debate of the over use of antidepressant medication. While the defects are taking center stage, Paxil addiction became prevalent in those who tried to suddenly stop taking it in order to prevent the risk of a birth defect.
Paxil addiction can be just as serious as any other drug addiction, however many people are not realizing that they are suffering from the addiction until well after the addiction has set in. Pregnant women have an especially difficult time with Paxil addictions as their natural inclination to protect their baby from birth defects have them ignoring a doctor's orders to wean themselves off the medication. Birth defects and addictions have many Paxil attorneys asking one simple question. Why has it taken so long for the warnings about its use to get to the public's ears?
The notion of Paxil addiction has been flatly denied by Glaxo Smith Kline, although there is a lot of stammering when it comes to birth defects. A cover up? Probably. Women taking it in their first trimester are twice as likely to give birth to a child with a birth defect, and birth defects are so incredibly devastating that Glaxo Smith Kline is unlikely to admit fault any time soon.
Paxil attorneys express that filing lawsuits against the drug company can not only help bring media attention to this devastating situation, but may very well pressure the Food and Drug Administration to take a closer look at psychotropic medications. Paxil is only one of many over prescribed medication that cause serious ill effects, and if the Food and Drug Administration would require more stringent guidelines for these medications, Paxil birth defects and Paxil addiction would be an almost non-existent problem.
2007年11月28日星期三
Acid Reflux Disorder
Heartburn is a common problem in todays world. Acid reflux, gastric reflux, GERD, (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) are the many names heartburn has been given. Even though they all share many of the same traits, there are specific medical conditions that can be found in each. Acid reflux or acid disorder reflux is a disorder of the digestive tract.
Acid disorder reflux gives the unfortunate sufferer a burning sensation in their chest and stomach. This painful inflammation is the result of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid is used by the stomach to digest food. When the stomach and the esophagus canal is not separated by a mechanism known as the Lower Esophageal Sphincter, then the stomach acids backup into the esophagus. This refluxing motion causes an irritation to the sensitive tissues in the lower esophagus area.
Generally the esophageal sphincter muscle functions normally. It contracts and closes the esophagus area after you have had a meal. This closure prevents the stomach acid from rising up into the esophagus during the digestion process. However there are times when the Lower Esophageal Sphincter does not operate properly, then acid from the stomach reflux into the esophagus. This results in the condition that is medically known as gastroesophageal reflux disorder or acid disorder reflux.
The reasons for acid disorder reflux are varied. However they often occur with other health issues like allergies, enzyme deficiencies, gallbladder problems, hiatal hernia, stress and heartburn ulcers.
Food and beverage consumption is another possible cause. It is recommended that you avoid consumption of alcohol, chocolate, citrus fruits and drinks as these are known to relax the Lower Esophageal Sphincter or LES as it is called. Coffee, Tea and colas which contain caffeine must be eliminated from your diet as well. These beverages contain a substance called theobromine.
Fried and fatty foods have a tendency to slow down the digestion process. Eating large amounts of food at any time of the day can put a lot of pressure on your stomach muscles. When the food is kept in your stomach for a long period, there is increased pressure to the stomach muscles. This pressure build-up can weaken the LES.
As this is the valve that protects your esophagus from the stomach you need to take care that this weakened conditioned does not allow the digested food acids to pass into your esophagus. Therefore you should eat small meals throughout the day. By consuming large amounts of food, you cause the LES to relax and reflux food into the esophagus leading to acid disorder reflux.
Tomatoes and tomato-based products like sauces and tomato juice will also cause the LES to relax. These tomato-based products lead to an increase in the production of stomach acid. When they reflux into the esophagus, the acidity levels cause acid disorder reflux.
By watching what you eat and taking care of your health, you stand a better chance of avoiding acid disorder reflux from entering your life and causing you pain, and its always better in the long to eat healthy anyway.
Acid disorder reflux gives the unfortunate sufferer a burning sensation in their chest and stomach. This painful inflammation is the result of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid is used by the stomach to digest food. When the stomach and the esophagus canal is not separated by a mechanism known as the Lower Esophageal Sphincter, then the stomach acids backup into the esophagus. This refluxing motion causes an irritation to the sensitive tissues in the lower esophagus area.
Generally the esophageal sphincter muscle functions normally. It contracts and closes the esophagus area after you have had a meal. This closure prevents the stomach acid from rising up into the esophagus during the digestion process. However there are times when the Lower Esophageal Sphincter does not operate properly, then acid from the stomach reflux into the esophagus. This results in the condition that is medically known as gastroesophageal reflux disorder or acid disorder reflux.
The reasons for acid disorder reflux are varied. However they often occur with other health issues like allergies, enzyme deficiencies, gallbladder problems, hiatal hernia, stress and heartburn ulcers.
Food and beverage consumption is another possible cause. It is recommended that you avoid consumption of alcohol, chocolate, citrus fruits and drinks as these are known to relax the Lower Esophageal Sphincter or LES as it is called. Coffee, Tea and colas which contain caffeine must be eliminated from your diet as well. These beverages contain a substance called theobromine.
Fried and fatty foods have a tendency to slow down the digestion process. Eating large amounts of food at any time of the day can put a lot of pressure on your stomach muscles. When the food is kept in your stomach for a long period, there is increased pressure to the stomach muscles. This pressure build-up can weaken the LES.
As this is the valve that protects your esophagus from the stomach you need to take care that this weakened conditioned does not allow the digested food acids to pass into your esophagus. Therefore you should eat small meals throughout the day. By consuming large amounts of food, you cause the LES to relax and reflux food into the esophagus leading to acid disorder reflux.
Tomatoes and tomato-based products like sauces and tomato juice will also cause the LES to relax. These tomato-based products lead to an increase in the production of stomach acid. When they reflux into the esophagus, the acidity levels cause acid disorder reflux.
By watching what you eat and taking care of your health, you stand a better chance of avoiding acid disorder reflux from entering your life and causing you pain, and its always better in the long to eat healthy anyway.
Air Compressor When These People Do It So Easily
We also provide rental air compressors and genuine parts and service. Summit Sierra is rated to provide superior service for 8,000 hours in most air compressor applications. In addition to the annual savings in electricity, the new compressors provide Bodine with a more reliable supply of compressed air. Provide adequate ventilation to keep compressor cool; cool air is easier to compress than hot air. For instance, in industrial settings compressors provide the necessary air for air purification systems, air lock systems, blast forges and temperature control systems. A cheap way to provide cooler air is to duct outside air directly into the compressor inlet. Conventional miniature air compressors that provide energy efficiency are typically 10X too expensive due to costly miniature electric motors. A broad range of AIR COMPRESSORS manufacturers has been complied in this industrial directory designed to provide information on leading, quality oriented manufacturers.
The obvious solution is to carry an air tank or air compressor with you on the trail. Mounting options for the air compressor may include skid or base plate mounted, tank mounted or portable. A compressor tank doesn't produce air, it only stores air. Once you have purchased your compressor you might consider a air tank as well as the on board installation kit. More style tank air compressorTwo-pole, 3450 RPM capacitor start induction motor for maximum air deliveryHeavy duty, cast iron cylinder construction and large 8 oz.
The Max-Air 55 is a dependable high quality breathing air compressor designed for continuous duty at an affordable price. The Max-Air 90 is a dependable high quality breathing air compressor designed for continuous duty at an affordable price. Of course, the most sturdy compressors have a 100% duty cycle, meaning that they can output air continuously. The rotary compressor, therefore, is a continuous duty, air cooled or water cooled compressor package.
Also features an air compressor, hose and three different valve adapters so you're always prepared. Simultaneously, a valve at the intake of the compressor closes to prevent air from being drawn into the intake. However, a compressor with modulation followed by unloading controls uses a throttle, turn, or poppet valve to modulate airflow to match plant air requirements. As the compressor capacity is reduced, the slide valve opens, bypassing a portion of the compressed air back to the suction. These are fitted on the inlet of most types of compressor and the valve opens and closes to throttle the air flow. When you are finished using the air compressor, you should shut off the motor, unplug it, and turn off the regulator valve. Also, compressor rental, valve repair and rebuilding services. The investigation found that the air outlet valve from the compressor was in the closed position.
If air is drawn from a cool, dry source, rather than from a hot compressor house, the system will operate more efficiently. The system is completely backed up, so that even if one air compressor goes completely out of service, production will continue. Moisture is reduced because the EARS system is not sucking in fresh, ambient air (which contains humidity) to fill the compressors. There were several changes to the system including the addition of a new AC drive to a 11 kW air compressor. Check potential sequencing of compressors to operate most efficient compressors for total system air requirement. Systems include compressor, motor and controller or direct drive, and all air system elements required for optimum, reliable, durable, low cost performance.
A very cheap way to save on compressed air costs is to duct outside air directly into the compressor inlet. The temperature of the air drawn in by the compressor will have a significant effect on your running costs. Reducing the distance the air has to travel from air compressor units will save you in energy costs. Advances in engine control technologies and availability of standardized packages have further reduced equipment and operating costs of these air compressors.
Companies like Curry and Ready-Air sell electric compressors that you mount in your engine compartment. making a air compressor with my engine. Start reading this making a air compressor with my engine. Align engine and air compressor pulleys.
In piston-compressors the piston may act on the air either directly or by the intermediary of water, which serves as packing. In a reciprocating compressor the air is compressed by a piston in a cylinder. The reciprocating air compressor is single acting when the compressing is accomplished using only one side of the piston. The reciprocating air compressor accomplishes this by a piston within a cylinder as the compressing and displacing element.
building, which currently uses the central air compressor unit on campus. This high quality air compressor unit feeds 30 psi of air through the Air Assist structure, giving you the best cutting available. Look at moving the compressor unit closer to the location at which the compressed air needs to be used. There are compressors where you take the air directly from the unit and have to be turned and off constantly. http://www.air-compressor-part.com/
The obvious solution is to carry an air tank or air compressor with you on the trail. Mounting options for the air compressor may include skid or base plate mounted, tank mounted or portable. A compressor tank doesn't produce air, it only stores air. Once you have purchased your compressor you might consider a air tank as well as the on board installation kit. More style tank air compressorTwo-pole, 3450 RPM capacitor start induction motor for maximum air deliveryHeavy duty, cast iron cylinder construction and large 8 oz.
The Max-Air 55 is a dependable high quality breathing air compressor designed for continuous duty at an affordable price. The Max-Air 90 is a dependable high quality breathing air compressor designed for continuous duty at an affordable price. Of course, the most sturdy compressors have a 100% duty cycle, meaning that they can output air continuously. The rotary compressor, therefore, is a continuous duty, air cooled or water cooled compressor package.
Also features an air compressor, hose and three different valve adapters so you're always prepared. Simultaneously, a valve at the intake of the compressor closes to prevent air from being drawn into the intake. However, a compressor with modulation followed by unloading controls uses a throttle, turn, or poppet valve to modulate airflow to match plant air requirements. As the compressor capacity is reduced, the slide valve opens, bypassing a portion of the compressed air back to the suction. These are fitted on the inlet of most types of compressor and the valve opens and closes to throttle the air flow. When you are finished using the air compressor, you should shut off the motor, unplug it, and turn off the regulator valve. Also, compressor rental, valve repair and rebuilding services. The investigation found that the air outlet valve from the compressor was in the closed position.
If air is drawn from a cool, dry source, rather than from a hot compressor house, the system will operate more efficiently. The system is completely backed up, so that even if one air compressor goes completely out of service, production will continue. Moisture is reduced because the EARS system is not sucking in fresh, ambient air (which contains humidity) to fill the compressors. There were several changes to the system including the addition of a new AC drive to a 11 kW air compressor. Check potential sequencing of compressors to operate most efficient compressors for total system air requirement. Systems include compressor, motor and controller or direct drive, and all air system elements required for optimum, reliable, durable, low cost performance.
A very cheap way to save on compressed air costs is to duct outside air directly into the compressor inlet. The temperature of the air drawn in by the compressor will have a significant effect on your running costs. Reducing the distance the air has to travel from air compressor units will save you in energy costs. Advances in engine control technologies and availability of standardized packages have further reduced equipment and operating costs of these air compressors.
Companies like Curry and Ready-Air sell electric compressors that you mount in your engine compartment. making a air compressor with my engine. Start reading this making a air compressor with my engine. Align engine and air compressor pulleys.
In piston-compressors the piston may act on the air either directly or by the intermediary of water, which serves as packing. In a reciprocating compressor the air is compressed by a piston in a cylinder. The reciprocating air compressor is single acting when the compressing is accomplished using only one side of the piston. The reciprocating air compressor accomplishes this by a piston within a cylinder as the compressing and displacing element.
building, which currently uses the central air compressor unit on campus. This high quality air compressor unit feeds 30 psi of air through the Air Assist structure, giving you the best cutting available. Look at moving the compressor unit closer to the location at which the compressed air needs to be used. There are compressors where you take the air directly from the unit and have to be turned and off constantly. http://www.air-compressor-part.com/
2007年11月26日星期一
Corvette gets 7-liter engine
You might think that 6 liters was enough to make the Corvette two-seater fast enough, but not for the competition department lurking inside GM. They wanted to be able to compete head-to-head with the European supercars in the international endurance races for sports cars.
To do so, they took a leaf out of Ford's book. In the 1960s, when Ford found it could not compete with the smaller Ferraris at Le Mans with the 4.2 (ex-Indy) or 4.7 liter engines, they brought out their 7-liter mill. And it was so much bigger than the competition that they won. So the guys behind the Corvette decided to produce a 7-liter version of America's favorite and most famous sports car.
By the way, the 7 liter Corvette more than competes with the Dodge Viper SRT-10, which could give the standard Corvette a bit of a run for its money. Of course, this is not just any old engine. This is a very special version of its GEN IV 7.0 liter V-8.
This 2006 Corvette is challenging for muscle car of the year with no less than 500 bhp on tap at 6,200 rpm. Maximum torque from this mammoth engine is 475 lb ft at 4,800 rpm. This is bound to be a stunner with a top speed of about 185 mph and 0-60 in under 4.0 seconds. GM expects the quarter-mile be under 12 seconds.
To give durability, the engine has been beefed up in a number of ways. First, the connecting rods and inlet valves are now made of titanium these weigh about half as much as steel ones and are used in quite a number of high-performance engines. Because of the low weight, the titanium parts put less load on other critical parts of the engine - the crankshaft, bearings and in this case the valve gear as well. The titanium valves also allow the engine to rev faster safely.
In fact, titanium used to be an aerospace-only material because it was so expensive, but it is now bein gused more in exotic cars and the heads of golf clubs, helping the lesser pros feel not so outclassed by Tiger Woods as they might with ordinary drivers.
You will see that the Corvette 7 liter is intended for the race track by the fact that the engine has a dry sump lube system. A dry sump system prevents the oil in the oil pan from slopping away from the pick-up on fast cornering the sort you can do only on a track and thus damaging the main bearings.
Instead of staying in the oil pan, the oil is pumped out to a tank, and then pressure fed from there directly to the engine bearings and other critical areas. Definitely a system for top supercars.
The underpinnings of the car have also been beefed up with a new aluminum perimeter frame which reduces weight. Further weight reduction comes with a new magnesium engine sub-frame. To ensure the car is stiff enough, it will be available only as a hardtop. The front fenders and wheelarches are now carbon fiber composite panels, which also reduce weight.
But theres more
To get all that power onto the road, and to get it to stop, bigger wheels, tires and brakes have been fitted. The front brake discs are now 13.9 inch diameter, and 19 x 12 inch wide rims are used at the back; front wheels are 18 x 9.5 inches. Such massive rear tires for a car with 50:50 weight distribution suggest that the car will have a tendency to oversteer smoky drifts could be the order of the day!
All-in-all, this is a really special car, developed to compete with the best.
To do so, they took a leaf out of Ford's book. In the 1960s, when Ford found it could not compete with the smaller Ferraris at Le Mans with the 4.2 (ex-Indy) or 4.7 liter engines, they brought out their 7-liter mill. And it was so much bigger than the competition that they won. So the guys behind the Corvette decided to produce a 7-liter version of America's favorite and most famous sports car.
By the way, the 7 liter Corvette more than competes with the Dodge Viper SRT-10, which could give the standard Corvette a bit of a run for its money. Of course, this is not just any old engine. This is a very special version of its GEN IV 7.0 liter V-8.
This 2006 Corvette is challenging for muscle car of the year with no less than 500 bhp on tap at 6,200 rpm. Maximum torque from this mammoth engine is 475 lb ft at 4,800 rpm. This is bound to be a stunner with a top speed of about 185 mph and 0-60 in under 4.0 seconds. GM expects the quarter-mile be under 12 seconds.
To give durability, the engine has been beefed up in a number of ways. First, the connecting rods and inlet valves are now made of titanium these weigh about half as much as steel ones and are used in quite a number of high-performance engines. Because of the low weight, the titanium parts put less load on other critical parts of the engine - the crankshaft, bearings and in this case the valve gear as well. The titanium valves also allow the engine to rev faster safely.
In fact, titanium used to be an aerospace-only material because it was so expensive, but it is now bein gused more in exotic cars and the heads of golf clubs, helping the lesser pros feel not so outclassed by Tiger Woods as they might with ordinary drivers.
You will see that the Corvette 7 liter is intended for the race track by the fact that the engine has a dry sump lube system. A dry sump system prevents the oil in the oil pan from slopping away from the pick-up on fast cornering the sort you can do only on a track and thus damaging the main bearings.
Instead of staying in the oil pan, the oil is pumped out to a tank, and then pressure fed from there directly to the engine bearings and other critical areas. Definitely a system for top supercars.
The underpinnings of the car have also been beefed up with a new aluminum perimeter frame which reduces weight. Further weight reduction comes with a new magnesium engine sub-frame. To ensure the car is stiff enough, it will be available only as a hardtop. The front fenders and wheelarches are now carbon fiber composite panels, which also reduce weight.
But theres more
To get all that power onto the road, and to get it to stop, bigger wheels, tires and brakes have been fitted. The front brake discs are now 13.9 inch diameter, and 19 x 12 inch wide rims are used at the back; front wheels are 18 x 9.5 inches. Such massive rear tires for a car with 50:50 weight distribution suggest that the car will have a tendency to oversteer smoky drifts could be the order of the day!
All-in-all, this is a really special car, developed to compete with the best.
Brake Me!
The sound of screeching tires may be one of the most annoying things you get to hear on the streets. However, for some people, the violent screech of tires and the nauseous whiff of brake fluid can mean something totally different: that their brakes are doing their job of keeping passengers safe from a collision.
Brakes are devices that are used to slow rotating wheels until they stop. Friction brakes are the most common examples of such brakes. Brakes like the ones used on everyday vehicles such automobiles, bicycles, trucks and trains use friction between brake pad and a wheel to slow the motion of a vehicle.
However, the friction created by the brakes generates a great deal of heat. The brake system should be able to dissipate this heat or else the brake could lose its efficacy.
There are many kinds of brakes - the most common of which are the ones used in automobiles: the disc and drum brakes. Both, however, rely on hydraulics, or the use of brake fluid pressure to activate the brakes.
The drum brakes work by the constriction of brake shoes installed on the inside of the wheel. The friction generated by this action slows the motion of the vehicle.
The disc brake works by clamping the rotors of the wheel itself. Disc brakes are superior to drum brakes due to the fact that disc brakes are not prone to malfunction even when wet or immersed in water. This malfunction is called brake fade. Disc brakes can also handle higher braking temperatures and dissipate heat more quickly. Also, disc brakes do not trap water as drum brakes can.
In 1985, the first antilock brake system (ABS) was introduced for motor vehicles in the United States. ABS works as a safety feature to give drivers more control when braking. ABS has a microprocessor and individual wheel-speed sensors that monitors the brakes of a vehicle. The hydraulic control valves for each brake circuit prevent skidding during panic stops or when braking hard on wet or slippery surfaces. By 1990, ABS was available on about 25 percent of all new cars and trucks. Today, ABS is available on over 90 percent of all new vehicles.
Other Braking Systems
In 1869, George Westinghouse invented a different system of applying brakes. Instead of using liquid pressure to apply the brakes, he used a system wherein it is the air pressure that prevents the brakes from applying.
This is helpful since the Achilles heel of hydraulic brakes is that when there is a loss of pressure, the brakes become ineffective. In Westinghouse's system, when there is loss of air pressure, the brakes automatically apply.
This is a safer alternative that is useful in high-load transportation such as trains.
Large, heavy-duty trucks, as well as buses and trains, use compressed air pressure rather than hydraulic fluid to operate their brakes.
Tomorrow's Brakes
While we still mostly rely on friction for braking, many technological advances call for new braking methods.
For example aircraft also use spoilers, and flaps to slow its velocity through the air.
Electric cars and other electric vehicles use drum and disc brakes to stop, but some vehicles also make use of magnetic brakes, which create opposing magnetic fields to resist motion. This type of braking is called regenerative braking. This technique recaptures some of the vehicle's momentum as electrical energy. Regenerative braking uses the magnets within the electric motor itself to slow the vehicle. When the driver releases the accelerator pedal, the electric motor changes into a generator, thus recapturing the energy from the moving car and transforming it back into electricity
As transportation becomes faster, safety becomes a primary concern. More powerful means of controlling speed are needed, and the evolution of braking systems is not far off.
Brakes are devices that are used to slow rotating wheels until they stop. Friction brakes are the most common examples of such brakes. Brakes like the ones used on everyday vehicles such automobiles, bicycles, trucks and trains use friction between brake pad and a wheel to slow the motion of a vehicle.
However, the friction created by the brakes generates a great deal of heat. The brake system should be able to dissipate this heat or else the brake could lose its efficacy.
There are many kinds of brakes - the most common of which are the ones used in automobiles: the disc and drum brakes. Both, however, rely on hydraulics, or the use of brake fluid pressure to activate the brakes.
The drum brakes work by the constriction of brake shoes installed on the inside of the wheel. The friction generated by this action slows the motion of the vehicle.
The disc brake works by clamping the rotors of the wheel itself. Disc brakes are superior to drum brakes due to the fact that disc brakes are not prone to malfunction even when wet or immersed in water. This malfunction is called brake fade. Disc brakes can also handle higher braking temperatures and dissipate heat more quickly. Also, disc brakes do not trap water as drum brakes can.
In 1985, the first antilock brake system (ABS) was introduced for motor vehicles in the United States. ABS works as a safety feature to give drivers more control when braking. ABS has a microprocessor and individual wheel-speed sensors that monitors the brakes of a vehicle. The hydraulic control valves for each brake circuit prevent skidding during panic stops or when braking hard on wet or slippery surfaces. By 1990, ABS was available on about 25 percent of all new cars and trucks. Today, ABS is available on over 90 percent of all new vehicles.
Other Braking Systems
In 1869, George Westinghouse invented a different system of applying brakes. Instead of using liquid pressure to apply the brakes, he used a system wherein it is the air pressure that prevents the brakes from applying.
This is helpful since the Achilles heel of hydraulic brakes is that when there is a loss of pressure, the brakes become ineffective. In Westinghouse's system, when there is loss of air pressure, the brakes automatically apply.
This is a safer alternative that is useful in high-load transportation such as trains.
Large, heavy-duty trucks, as well as buses and trains, use compressed air pressure rather than hydraulic fluid to operate their brakes.
Tomorrow's Brakes
While we still mostly rely on friction for braking, many technological advances call for new braking methods.
For example aircraft also use spoilers, and flaps to slow its velocity through the air.
Electric cars and other electric vehicles use drum and disc brakes to stop, but some vehicles also make use of magnetic brakes, which create opposing magnetic fields to resist motion. This type of braking is called regenerative braking. This technique recaptures some of the vehicle's momentum as electrical energy. Regenerative braking uses the magnets within the electric motor itself to slow the vehicle. When the driver releases the accelerator pedal, the electric motor changes into a generator, thus recapturing the energy from the moving car and transforming it back into electricity
As transportation becomes faster, safety becomes a primary concern. More powerful means of controlling speed are needed, and the evolution of braking systems is not far off.
2007年11月23日星期五
How to Properly Check Tire Pressure and Condition for Safety
Tire pressure and condition is one of the most overlooked safety aspects on our cars. Most people just assume their tires are fine and that they will be safe because they look okay - the tires are not flat. Rarely do we ever see someone get out a tire pressure gauge and check their tire pressure or place their hands on the tire and feel for roundness and irregularities. What most people don't know is that proper tire pressure will improve your gas mileage, make your brakes and suspension system last longer, and it will improve your gas mileage. According to AAA, it is ideal to have your tires pressure and condition checked for safety every time you fill up your gas tank and prior to any long drives or vacations.
Before checking your tire pressure you should check your tires condition. Your tires are what holds you to the road and if there are any irregular wear patterns, bubbles and cracks, etc your safety can be greatly compromised. Look over all your tires. Place the palm of your hand on the tire and feel it is it round? This may sound obvious, but you can quickly find early signs of cupping (which can indicate bad struts), irregular wear (could be improperly balanced wheels), cracks, and deep wear that would make your tires unsafe.
Take out a penny and make sure Lincolns head is buried in the tread. If it isn't that means you need to replace your tires. Every time I go to the local grocery store half of the cars I see have bald or nearly bald tires and tires in bad condition. This can cause hydroplaning and very unsafe conditions if the roads were wet from a recent rain. If you notice anything irregular take your car to a service station. Have your tire condition checked and have your tires replaced as necessary as your safety may be compromised by worn tires or another tire condition (Walmart's service stations will check your tires for free).
To properly check your tires pressure you must use a tire pressure gauge. Going by look or feel isn't good enough. Just because the tire doesn't look flat doesn't mean you didn't over or under inflate it. Your car or trucks owners manual will tell you the recommended tire pressure for your tires. Check all four tires and your spare. You wouldn't believe the number of people that assume their spare is fine and haven't checked it in 3 or more years. Some don't even know if they have a spare or tire changing tools. Some people don't even know where to look for their spare tire or how to change a tire.
Most tire pressure gauges have an indicator that will be pushed out by the amount of pressure in your tire. More expensive ones are digital. Both are rudimentary and easy to use. If you find you are under inflated most gas stations have an air pump. Fill and check again to ensure proper pressure. Always replace the caps when you are done. This keeps the elements out and corrosion can and does cause leaks. If you have too much pressure then let some out by pressing a key or screwdriver into the release valve and then check it again. If your tires have too much pressure it can cause them to prematurely wear in the middle and reduce the actual area of the tire that meets the road and can reduce your safety.
There you have it, how to properly check your tires condition and pressure for safety. By having safe tires you are increasing both your safety and the safety of those around you.
Before checking your tire pressure you should check your tires condition. Your tires are what holds you to the road and if there are any irregular wear patterns, bubbles and cracks, etc your safety can be greatly compromised. Look over all your tires. Place the palm of your hand on the tire and feel it is it round? This may sound obvious, but you can quickly find early signs of cupping (which can indicate bad struts), irregular wear (could be improperly balanced wheels), cracks, and deep wear that would make your tires unsafe.
Take out a penny and make sure Lincolns head is buried in the tread. If it isn't that means you need to replace your tires. Every time I go to the local grocery store half of the cars I see have bald or nearly bald tires and tires in bad condition. This can cause hydroplaning and very unsafe conditions if the roads were wet from a recent rain. If you notice anything irregular take your car to a service station. Have your tire condition checked and have your tires replaced as necessary as your safety may be compromised by worn tires or another tire condition (Walmart's service stations will check your tires for free).
To properly check your tires pressure you must use a tire pressure gauge. Going by look or feel isn't good enough. Just because the tire doesn't look flat doesn't mean you didn't over or under inflate it. Your car or trucks owners manual will tell you the recommended tire pressure for your tires. Check all four tires and your spare. You wouldn't believe the number of people that assume their spare is fine and haven't checked it in 3 or more years. Some don't even know if they have a spare or tire changing tools. Some people don't even know where to look for their spare tire or how to change a tire.
Most tire pressure gauges have an indicator that will be pushed out by the amount of pressure in your tire. More expensive ones are digital. Both are rudimentary and easy to use. If you find you are under inflated most gas stations have an air pump. Fill and check again to ensure proper pressure. Always replace the caps when you are done. This keeps the elements out and corrosion can and does cause leaks. If you have too much pressure then let some out by pressing a key or screwdriver into the release valve and then check it again. If your tires have too much pressure it can cause them to prematurely wear in the middle and reduce the actual area of the tire that meets the road and can reduce your safety.
There you have it, how to properly check your tires condition and pressure for safety. By having safe tires you are increasing both your safety and the safety of those around you.
What Is Hypertensive Heart Disease?
Hypertensive heart disease is a late complication of hypertension that affects your heart.
Hypertensive heart disease is the number one cause of death related with hypertension and is actually a group of ailment that includes heart failure, ischematic heart disease, and hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Heart failure is when your heart's pumping capability is weaker than normal. With heart failure, blood moves through the heart and body at a slow pace and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, high blood pressure increases the workload of the heart, and eventually, this can cause thickening of your heart muscle and the symptoms of hypertensive heart disease. As your heart continues to pump against elevated pressure in the blood vessels, the left ventricle becomes enlarge, and the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute goes down. If this condition is not treated symptoms of congestive heart failure like swelling of arms, legs, ankles, feet, and many others, may develop.
Hypertension gives rise to heart failure by causing coronary artery disease of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The symptoms of heart failure may include shortness of breath, swelling in the feet/ankles/abdomen, difficulty sleeping flat in bed, bloating, irregular pulse, nausea, fatigue, and constant urination at night.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition wherein a part of your heart muscle is enlarged preventing the heart valves from doing their job, or may keep the blood from flowing out of the heart. The symptoms of this condition may include chest pain, irregular pulse, rapid heart beat, shortness of breath fatigue and weakness.
Hypertension can also cause ischematic heart disease. This occurs when heart muscle is not getting enough blood. Ischematic heart disease is generally the result of atherosclerosis, hardening of the arteries, which can obstruct the flow of blood and may lead to a heart attack. The symptoms of ischematic heart disease are:
o Chest pain which may travel to your arms, neck, back, or jaw
o Chest pain with nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, and dizziness. The associated symptoms may occur without chest pain
o Irregular pulse
o Fatigue and weakness
Your doctor will look for certain signs, like high blood pressure, enlarged heart, fluid in the lungs or lower extremities, and unusual heart sounds, in order to diagnose hypertensive heart disease. Tests also will be performed by your doctor to determine if you have hypertensive heart disease, like an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac stress test, chest X-ray, and coronary Angiogram.
In order to treat hypertensive heart disease, your doctor has to treat the hypertension that is causing it. You doctor may treat it with different medications, which include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and vasodilators. In addition, your doctor will advise you to change your lifestyle. Proper diet, monitoring your weight, avoiding the use of tobacco products and alcohol, and regular health screenings are the things you have to consider so as not to worsen your present condition.
The aggravation of hypertensive heart disease can be treated if your hypertension that is causing it is first treated. You may need certain medications, or in rare cases you may undergo surgery to correct your condition. Still, it is important to keep your lifestyle as heart-healthy as possible to avoid more complications.
Hypertensive heart disease is the number one cause of death related with hypertension and is actually a group of ailment that includes heart failure, ischematic heart disease, and hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Heart failure is when your heart's pumping capability is weaker than normal. With heart failure, blood moves through the heart and body at a slow pace and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, high blood pressure increases the workload of the heart, and eventually, this can cause thickening of your heart muscle and the symptoms of hypertensive heart disease. As your heart continues to pump against elevated pressure in the blood vessels, the left ventricle becomes enlarge, and the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute goes down. If this condition is not treated symptoms of congestive heart failure like swelling of arms, legs, ankles, feet, and many others, may develop.
Hypertension gives rise to heart failure by causing coronary artery disease of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The symptoms of heart failure may include shortness of breath, swelling in the feet/ankles/abdomen, difficulty sleeping flat in bed, bloating, irregular pulse, nausea, fatigue, and constant urination at night.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition wherein a part of your heart muscle is enlarged preventing the heart valves from doing their job, or may keep the blood from flowing out of the heart. The symptoms of this condition may include chest pain, irregular pulse, rapid heart beat, shortness of breath fatigue and weakness.
Hypertension can also cause ischematic heart disease. This occurs when heart muscle is not getting enough blood. Ischematic heart disease is generally the result of atherosclerosis, hardening of the arteries, which can obstruct the flow of blood and may lead to a heart attack. The symptoms of ischematic heart disease are:
o Chest pain which may travel to your arms, neck, back, or jaw
o Chest pain with nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, and dizziness. The associated symptoms may occur without chest pain
o Irregular pulse
o Fatigue and weakness
Your doctor will look for certain signs, like high blood pressure, enlarged heart, fluid in the lungs or lower extremities, and unusual heart sounds, in order to diagnose hypertensive heart disease. Tests also will be performed by your doctor to determine if you have hypertensive heart disease, like an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac stress test, chest X-ray, and coronary Angiogram.
In order to treat hypertensive heart disease, your doctor has to treat the hypertension that is causing it. You doctor may treat it with different medications, which include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and vasodilators. In addition, your doctor will advise you to change your lifestyle. Proper diet, monitoring your weight, avoiding the use of tobacco products and alcohol, and regular health screenings are the things you have to consider so as not to worsen your present condition.
The aggravation of hypertensive heart disease can be treated if your hypertension that is causing it is first treated. You may need certain medications, or in rare cases you may undergo surgery to correct your condition. Still, it is important to keep your lifestyle as heart-healthy as possible to avoid more complications.
Do You Have an Acid Reflux Problem?
Most people have digestive problems that create a variety of illnesses that we see as they age. The main problem is with the food that they eat. As has already been said many times, we eat more junk, processed, and packaged food than our stomach can digest. We eat more meat and protein then we should. We drink more unusual drinks that are mainly sugar.
You need to eat more live vegetables and fruits. This will minimize any acid reflux problems you might have.
Your body is designed to be electrically balanced. This is done by eating both acid and alkaline foods. If you eat too much acid food or alkaline food you move towards illness. Acid reflux is one of these illnesses.
When too much acid food is eaten, the stomach cant digest it completely. The excess undigested food turns into acid waste. This waste causes stomach spasms or twitching that causes an increase in stomach gas that pops open the valve between the esophagus and stomach.
Acidic stomach content is sucked into the esophagus causing a burning sensation in the chest and throat. This is acid reflux or heartburn.
Acid Reflux Remedies
Here are three acid reflux remedies that you can start using right away to decrease the effects of acid reflux
* Digestive enzymes Just before you eat, take some digestive enzymes. There are a variety of types that you can buy in a health food store cost is about $15.00. Digestive enzymes will help you digest your food in the stomach and lessen the work the stomach has to do. But dont take enzymes if you have an ulcer.
* Drinking water When eating your meal, dont drink any cold liquid. Cold liquid in the stomach decreases the digestive activity and your food will take longer to digest. It is best not to drink any water with your meal since this decrease the strength of your hydrochloric acid. If you have to drink water to clear your throat, drink water at room temperature.
* Vegetables Eat vegetables with lunch and dinner and decrease the amount of meat and protein you eat. Dont over eat since this puts an extra load on your stomach and you may not be able to digest all this food. Try eating your vegetables raw when possible since this gives you extra enzymes and plenty of minerals. Any time you eat bread eat it with some vegetables. Bread is hard to digest and the added fiber helps its digestion and helps to move it through the colon faster.
Just doing these three suggestions will help you improve your digestion and help to relieve your acid reflux. Concentrate on changing your eating habits and the types and quantities of food that you eat, if you want to stop the effects of acid reflux.
You need to eat more live vegetables and fruits. This will minimize any acid reflux problems you might have.
Your body is designed to be electrically balanced. This is done by eating both acid and alkaline foods. If you eat too much acid food or alkaline food you move towards illness. Acid reflux is one of these illnesses.
When too much acid food is eaten, the stomach cant digest it completely. The excess undigested food turns into acid waste. This waste causes stomach spasms or twitching that causes an increase in stomach gas that pops open the valve between the esophagus and stomach.
Acidic stomach content is sucked into the esophagus causing a burning sensation in the chest and throat. This is acid reflux or heartburn.
Acid Reflux Remedies
Here are three acid reflux remedies that you can start using right away to decrease the effects of acid reflux
* Digestive enzymes Just before you eat, take some digestive enzymes. There are a variety of types that you can buy in a health food store cost is about $15.00. Digestive enzymes will help you digest your food in the stomach and lessen the work the stomach has to do. But dont take enzymes if you have an ulcer.
* Drinking water When eating your meal, dont drink any cold liquid. Cold liquid in the stomach decreases the digestive activity and your food will take longer to digest. It is best not to drink any water with your meal since this decrease the strength of your hydrochloric acid. If you have to drink water to clear your throat, drink water at room temperature.
* Vegetables Eat vegetables with lunch and dinner and decrease the amount of meat and protein you eat. Dont over eat since this puts an extra load on your stomach and you may not be able to digest all this food. Try eating your vegetables raw when possible since this gives you extra enzymes and plenty of minerals. Any time you eat bread eat it with some vegetables. Bread is hard to digest and the added fiber helps its digestion and helps to move it through the colon faster.
Just doing these three suggestions will help you improve your digestion and help to relieve your acid reflux. Concentrate on changing your eating habits and the types and quantities of food that you eat, if you want to stop the effects of acid reflux.
Importance Of Calibration Instruments In Factories
Machines need to be calibrated regularly so these will be able function properly. A licensed engineer or mechanic is the only one qualified to perform such tests and the length of time it takes to inspect one unit could take hours depending on how complex or sophisticated it is.
If the machines being checked are in large factory such as one that produces cars, teams are dispatched to conduct the calibration. In most cases, this is done every six months. The only difference is that the people who will do this will go to the plant unlike a car owner who will have to drive the vehicle to the shop.
Is there any difference between a machine and a car when it comes to calibration? Yes in terms of the instruments used to conduct such tests. Large ones like those in the factory have to be dismantled and hand held instruments such as frequency counters, multimeters, network analyzers, oscilloscopes, power supplies, spectrum analyzers and RF power meters are used throughout the tests.
Automobiles on the other hand are tested using computers and some similar instruments that will be finished much faster than those in the factory so the owner can drive off when this is done. If a problem has been found, the specialist will recommend that the machine should not be used first until a replacement part has arrived. But in minor cases, a simple adjustment will do the trick making it up and running again.
But the use of calibration instruments is not only done in factories. These are also done in laboratories to make sure the machines used are able to perform to what it was designed to do. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is responsible for setting the regulations making this all possible. After all, safety begins by those who are designing the prototype until the new product is launched into the market. This will ensure that defects can be avoided and recalls are not necessary since this will cost the company a lot of money.
Anything that uses machines will have to be calibrated at one point or another to ensure these are performing well as though these were good as new. The plant may have a crew to do this or a contractor can be called in to perform such services which is really up to those in charge of keeping the place running.
Manufacturing, industrial, and even chemigation processes, benefit from the use of a system that includes the use of a calibration column. A system that includes a calibration column in its process allows you to easily determine the flow rate of liquids that are pumped from your manufacturing, industrial or chemigation processes.
A calibration column is usually made out of clear PVC with industry grade graduations that measure things such as milliliters per minute and gallons per hour. You can install one calibration column for each pump set to measure pump flow rates.
A calibration column is a very important tool. In industrial and chemical processes, precision is of extreme importance and the calibration column assures you of that. All kinds of systems that include processes where liquids are pumped will need the reliability of a calibration column. Pumping system solutions that include calibration columns vary from each other depending on what purpose it will serve.
For instance, if industrial chemicals will be introduced into the system, it is important that the graduation marks on the calibration column are protected from chemical corrosion for it to continue to maintain its integrity. If on the other hand, your pumping systems require the strict regulation of flow rates, you need a system with a calibration column that is connected to an emergency release valve to be able to minimize total risk.
There are many dependable and reliable pump system solutions provider in the market that can supply the right kind of system with the right kind of calibration column for your needs and requirements. To help you along on your search, you might want to check out some industrial grade systems that include the use of a calibration column for your pumping processes.
Cole-ParmerCole-Parmer is an instrument company that distributes various industrial fluid handling products including gear pump systems that come with a calibration column. The company has been around since 1955 and has become one of the largest distributor of instrumentation products that deliver the right solutions to your business. You can check them out online at coleparmer.comKofloKoflo Corporation begun as a family endeavor in the early 1980s and since then has grown in scope and size.
They pride themselves in being able and willing to adapt to their customers' needs and requirements to be able to provide to perfect fit in terms of industrial instrumentation solutions. They offer different pumping systems that include calibration columns. You can get a quote from them today at their website-- koflo.com
If the machines being checked are in large factory such as one that produces cars, teams are dispatched to conduct the calibration. In most cases, this is done every six months. The only difference is that the people who will do this will go to the plant unlike a car owner who will have to drive the vehicle to the shop.
Is there any difference between a machine and a car when it comes to calibration? Yes in terms of the instruments used to conduct such tests. Large ones like those in the factory have to be dismantled and hand held instruments such as frequency counters, multimeters, network analyzers, oscilloscopes, power supplies, spectrum analyzers and RF power meters are used throughout the tests.
Automobiles on the other hand are tested using computers and some similar instruments that will be finished much faster than those in the factory so the owner can drive off when this is done. If a problem has been found, the specialist will recommend that the machine should not be used first until a replacement part has arrived. But in minor cases, a simple adjustment will do the trick making it up and running again.
But the use of calibration instruments is not only done in factories. These are also done in laboratories to make sure the machines used are able to perform to what it was designed to do. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is responsible for setting the regulations making this all possible. After all, safety begins by those who are designing the prototype until the new product is launched into the market. This will ensure that defects can be avoided and recalls are not necessary since this will cost the company a lot of money.
Anything that uses machines will have to be calibrated at one point or another to ensure these are performing well as though these were good as new. The plant may have a crew to do this or a contractor can be called in to perform such services which is really up to those in charge of keeping the place running.
Manufacturing, industrial, and even chemigation processes, benefit from the use of a system that includes the use of a calibration column. A system that includes a calibration column in its process allows you to easily determine the flow rate of liquids that are pumped from your manufacturing, industrial or chemigation processes.
A calibration column is usually made out of clear PVC with industry grade graduations that measure things such as milliliters per minute and gallons per hour. You can install one calibration column for each pump set to measure pump flow rates.
A calibration column is a very important tool. In industrial and chemical processes, precision is of extreme importance and the calibration column assures you of that. All kinds of systems that include processes where liquids are pumped will need the reliability of a calibration column. Pumping system solutions that include calibration columns vary from each other depending on what purpose it will serve.
For instance, if industrial chemicals will be introduced into the system, it is important that the graduation marks on the calibration column are protected from chemical corrosion for it to continue to maintain its integrity. If on the other hand, your pumping systems require the strict regulation of flow rates, you need a system with a calibration column that is connected to an emergency release valve to be able to minimize total risk.
There are many dependable and reliable pump system solutions provider in the market that can supply the right kind of system with the right kind of calibration column for your needs and requirements. To help you along on your search, you might want to check out some industrial grade systems that include the use of a calibration column for your pumping processes.
Cole-ParmerCole-Parmer is an instrument company that distributes various industrial fluid handling products including gear pump systems that come with a calibration column. The company has been around since 1955 and has become one of the largest distributor of instrumentation products that deliver the right solutions to your business. You can check them out online at coleparmer.comKofloKoflo Corporation begun as a family endeavor in the early 1980s and since then has grown in scope and size.
They pride themselves in being able and willing to adapt to their customers' needs and requirements to be able to provide to perfect fit in terms of industrial instrumentation solutions. They offer different pumping systems that include calibration columns. You can get a quote from them today at their website-- koflo.com
Bathroom Plumbing Fitting New Taps
Plumbing is an old trade that every household need to gain expertise in. For, whenever, there is a problem, neither water nor the pipes wait for the plumber to rectify it. Among the most common plumbing jobs it replacing old and dysfunctional taps with new taps.
There are two categories of taps used in bathrooms and kitchens -- monobloc taps and multibloc taps. While the monobloc taps have a single outlet for flow of water, multibloc taps have two outlets for flow of water. In monobloc taps, there are two segments -- taps that allow flow of one kind of water, either hot or cold and taps that allow flow of hot water and cold water through the same outlet.
Multibloc taps have separate outlets for flow of hot water and cold water. Sometimes, the supply pipe to the tap is common or have dedicated pipes for supply for hot water and cold water separately.
It is not an easy task to dismantle these taps and replace them with new taps. A wrench spanner is a must while plumbing. Without a wrench spanner, efforts in replacing a tap will go waste. For, wrench spanners provide the best helping hand in plumbing.
Before replacing the tap, ensure that the water supply to the tap is cut off. This can be done by closing the main valve that controls supply of water to the taps. Then, drain water completely from the tap. Using the wrench spanner, turn the tap holder that connects the supply pipe. If the tap holder is corroded and does not budge, use oil or lubricant. The lubricant should enter the tap holder drop by drop. After waiting for a few minutes for the lubricant to enter the tap holder, start applying pressure on the tap holder. This exercise should loosen the tap holder.
Even after using the lubricant, if the tap holder does not give way, then follow this procedure. Let the lubricant drop by drop into the tap holder for every fifteen minutes and try to loosen it.
Once the tap holder is loose, ensure that the corroded material inside the supply pipe is drained. To do this, restore supply of water by turning the main valve slowly. Opening the main valve suddenly might result in gushing of water. After the pipe is completely drained off the corroded material, commence the process of fixing the new tap. Ensure that there is adequate threading on the tap holder. Slowly screw the tap holder into the supply pipe. This should be a slow process. Once the tap holder firmly fixes itself in the supply pipe, use the wrench spanner to adjust the angle of the tap by turning the tap holder.
There are two categories of taps used in bathrooms and kitchens -- monobloc taps and multibloc taps. While the monobloc taps have a single outlet for flow of water, multibloc taps have two outlets for flow of water. In monobloc taps, there are two segments -- taps that allow flow of one kind of water, either hot or cold and taps that allow flow of hot water and cold water through the same outlet.
Multibloc taps have separate outlets for flow of hot water and cold water. Sometimes, the supply pipe to the tap is common or have dedicated pipes for supply for hot water and cold water separately.
It is not an easy task to dismantle these taps and replace them with new taps. A wrench spanner is a must while plumbing. Without a wrench spanner, efforts in replacing a tap will go waste. For, wrench spanners provide the best helping hand in plumbing.
Before replacing the tap, ensure that the water supply to the tap is cut off. This can be done by closing the main valve that controls supply of water to the taps. Then, drain water completely from the tap. Using the wrench spanner, turn the tap holder that connects the supply pipe. If the tap holder is corroded and does not budge, use oil or lubricant. The lubricant should enter the tap holder drop by drop. After waiting for a few minutes for the lubricant to enter the tap holder, start applying pressure on the tap holder. This exercise should loosen the tap holder.
Even after using the lubricant, if the tap holder does not give way, then follow this procedure. Let the lubricant drop by drop into the tap holder for every fifteen minutes and try to loosen it.
Once the tap holder is loose, ensure that the corroded material inside the supply pipe is drained. To do this, restore supply of water by turning the main valve slowly. Opening the main valve suddenly might result in gushing of water. After the pipe is completely drained off the corroded material, commence the process of fixing the new tap. Ensure that there is adequate threading on the tap holder. Slowly screw the tap holder into the supply pipe. This should be a slow process. Once the tap holder firmly fixes itself in the supply pipe, use the wrench spanner to adjust the angle of the tap by turning the tap holder.
Kitchen Faucet Buying tips
A durable and stylish kitchen faucet or bath faucet blends together function and aesthetics. The well made faucet makes life a lot easier. Excellent valve mechanism and more durable finishes boost longevity and looks.
Here are six steps in choosing the right faucet for you:
1. Two-handle designs, generally goes for as low as $50, allows you to regulate the temperature more accurately. Having independent control for the hot and cold water makes adjusting the temperature easier.
The single handle faucets also known as post-mount, generally goes for $75 to $200, operate from side-mounted lever or a top-mounted knob. Most single-handle faucets have pullout spouts.
The cross-shaped design and large wing levers are the more popular designs. However, most faucets have different handles that can be attached to a faucet body for a customized look.
2. If the style of the faucet is important, begin your choosing with the type of finish. The most affordable finish for a faucet is a chrome finish. Usually priced around $60. The chrome-finish has a long warranty on scratches.
The more colorful enamel coatings generally will cost you from $20 to $200 more, and are more susceptible to scratches and chipping. Add 25 to 40 percent more to the price of coated faucets for stainless steel faucets.
3. A PVD (physical vapor deposition) finish is better than usual plated finishes but add $150 to $750 more in costs. The PVD finish is done by vaporizing the metal and glazing it with a scratch-resistant and non-tarnishing film.
Look at brushed chrome, oil-rubbed bronze and satin nickel for a rustic appeal. The brushed finish and satin finish cleverly hides scratches.
4. There are more to spouts aside from the standard straight faucets. There are high-arching goose-like spouts, great for filling pots. A pull-out faucet can get you anywhere in a sink with three-bowls. You can go from a spray mode to a stream mode with a touch. There are also restaurant-type models for those extra long hoses.
5. Know that there are four kinds of faucets.
a. The compression valve:
The compression valve uses rubber washers. The compression valve type of faucet will eventually leak but they are typically easy to repair.
b. The ball valves:
The ball valve controls the flow and temperature of the water by using a steel ball. The ball valves are washerless and easy to maintain because of this. Replacing a ball valve is readily affordable and easy to do.
c. The ceramic disk
The ceramic disk is virtually a maintenance free water faucet. It is guaranteed not to wear out but is obviously much more expensive than the ball valve or compression valve.
d. The cartridge faucet
Much like the ceramic disk, the cartridge faucet usually does not need any maintenance. Just like the ceramic disk, it has a hefty price tag.
Regardless of the type of faucet you choose. Always check the warranty and the finish.
6. You may opt for filtering faucets, costing $200 plus, to bring in purified water. Several filters are placed under the sink while others are fitted inside the spout. To set the maximum water temperature, an anti-scald faucet can be used. An electronic faucet with an infrared sensor is also available. They save on water and allow for cleaner handles.
In general, you don't need to hand over your hard earned money to pay for good quality. Most faucets have the same basic parts and sometimes even the same finish across several price lines.
To have a streamlined, urban look, choose a faucet that is mounted on the wall, this is often used with vanity bowls.
Be sure that your faucet connection matches your sink holes. If they don't match, you'll have to provide more drill holes or cover the unused holes using an escutcheon plate.
All faucets in general carry at least one year warranties. Even the low-end models carry at least one year of warranty. Many faucets carry a warranty by the manufacturer that is more than one year.
Good luck choosing the perfect faucet for you.
Here are six steps in choosing the right faucet for you:
1. Two-handle designs, generally goes for as low as $50, allows you to regulate the temperature more accurately. Having independent control for the hot and cold water makes adjusting the temperature easier.
The single handle faucets also known as post-mount, generally goes for $75 to $200, operate from side-mounted lever or a top-mounted knob. Most single-handle faucets have pullout spouts.
The cross-shaped design and large wing levers are the more popular designs. However, most faucets have different handles that can be attached to a faucet body for a customized look.
2. If the style of the faucet is important, begin your choosing with the type of finish. The most affordable finish for a faucet is a chrome finish. Usually priced around $60. The chrome-finish has a long warranty on scratches.
The more colorful enamel coatings generally will cost you from $20 to $200 more, and are more susceptible to scratches and chipping. Add 25 to 40 percent more to the price of coated faucets for stainless steel faucets.
3. A PVD (physical vapor deposition) finish is better than usual plated finishes but add $150 to $750 more in costs. The PVD finish is done by vaporizing the metal and glazing it with a scratch-resistant and non-tarnishing film.
Look at brushed chrome, oil-rubbed bronze and satin nickel for a rustic appeal. The brushed finish and satin finish cleverly hides scratches.
4. There are more to spouts aside from the standard straight faucets. There are high-arching goose-like spouts, great for filling pots. A pull-out faucet can get you anywhere in a sink with three-bowls. You can go from a spray mode to a stream mode with a touch. There are also restaurant-type models for those extra long hoses.
5. Know that there are four kinds of faucets.
a. The compression valve:
The compression valve uses rubber washers. The compression valve type of faucet will eventually leak but they are typically easy to repair.
b. The ball valves:
The ball valve controls the flow and temperature of the water by using a steel ball. The ball valves are washerless and easy to maintain because of this. Replacing a ball valve is readily affordable and easy to do.
c. The ceramic disk
The ceramic disk is virtually a maintenance free water faucet. It is guaranteed not to wear out but is obviously much more expensive than the ball valve or compression valve.
d. The cartridge faucet
Much like the ceramic disk, the cartridge faucet usually does not need any maintenance. Just like the ceramic disk, it has a hefty price tag.
Regardless of the type of faucet you choose. Always check the warranty and the finish.
6. You may opt for filtering faucets, costing $200 plus, to bring in purified water. Several filters are placed under the sink while others are fitted inside the spout. To set the maximum water temperature, an anti-scald faucet can be used. An electronic faucet with an infrared sensor is also available. They save on water and allow for cleaner handles.
In general, you don't need to hand over your hard earned money to pay for good quality. Most faucets have the same basic parts and sometimes even the same finish across several price lines.
To have a streamlined, urban look, choose a faucet that is mounted on the wall, this is often used with vanity bowls.
Be sure that your faucet connection matches your sink holes. If they don't match, you'll have to provide more drill holes or cover the unused holes using an escutcheon plate.
All faucets in general carry at least one year warranties. Even the low-end models carry at least one year of warranty. Many faucets carry a warranty by the manufacturer that is more than one year.
Good luck choosing the perfect faucet for you.
Toyota Introduces Flex-Fuel Corollas in Brazil
With car manufacturers looking for ways to help the environment, new clean car technologies have been developed. These technologies are used by the roving green cars of today. There are various technologies from which to choose from. Car manufacturers have already come up with the gas-electric hybrid, flex fuel vehicles, and those clean diesel vehicles.
The popularity of these types of clean technologies varies from region to region. In the United States, hybrid vehicles such as the Toyota Prius are the most popular of all clean car technologies. In Europe, on the other hand, diesel engines designed to be clean, fuel efficient and of high performance are popular. In Brazil, it is flex-fuel vehicles which are popular due to the abundance of bio-ethanol in the said country. This is the reason why Toyota will be marketing two Corolla variants at the said country - both of which are designed to run on both bio-ethanol and conventional gasoline.
The Japanese companys Brazilian subsidiary reported that the two Corolla variants will outperform the existing gasoline engine powered Toyota Corolla. The first of the two Corollas is the Corolla Flex which the company hopes to have an initial monthly sale of 2,500 units. The second Corolla model is the Corolla Fielder Flex. For the Fielder Flex, Toyota aims for an initial monthly sale of 750 units. These vehicles are equipped with an engine similar in principle and construction to that of a gasoline engine.
The only difference is that several parts of the engines which run on ethanol need to be fortified still. This is because ethanol is more corrosive than gasoline and to combat this corrosive nature of the alternative fuel, different parts such as fuel lines, valves, cylinder walls, and other parts which comes in contact with the fuel and its emission needs to be reinforced. Other parts such as Airaid cold air intake systems are not affected directly by the corrosive nature of the fuel.
The two Corolla variants according to the company are the first for-market vehicles that can run on pure ethanol that Toyota produces. While there are already many flex-fuel vehicles in the market, the majority of them are not designed to run on pure ethanol. Most of them are configured to run on E10 or E85. The number (10 and 85) pertains to the percentage of bio-ethanol on the fuel. For example, an E85 fuel is 85 percent bio-ethanol and 15 percent gasoline.
One problem though with using pure ethanol as fuel is that a car will be hard to start during the cold weather. To solve this problem some car manufacturers includes a small gasoline reservoir in the car so that gasoline can be sued to start the engine. After the engine is started, it automatically shifts to bio-ethanol. The use of bio-ethanol reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emission which contributes heavily to global warming.
The popularity of ethanol as fuel in Brazil is due to the fact that it is currently largest importer of ethanol in the world. The abundance of sugarcane in the country means that it is suited to producing the alternative fuel. For the past couple of yeas, car companies have been taking advantage of this abundance of ethanol by introducing flex-fuel vehicles in the Brazilian auto market. Given the fact that ethanol is cheaper than gasoline in the country, Brazilian car buyers are quick to shift from pure gasoline cars to flex-fuel cars. Flex-fuel vehicles are so popular in fact that it is reported that eight out of ten new cars sold in the country are flex-fuel vehicles.
With the introduction of the Toyota Corollas to the market, and the fact that the new vehicles are said to be better than the gasoline Corolla, the number of flex-fuel cars on Brazils roads will surely increase in the near future.
The popularity of these types of clean technologies varies from region to region. In the United States, hybrid vehicles such as the Toyota Prius are the most popular of all clean car technologies. In Europe, on the other hand, diesel engines designed to be clean, fuel efficient and of high performance are popular. In Brazil, it is flex-fuel vehicles which are popular due to the abundance of bio-ethanol in the said country. This is the reason why Toyota will be marketing two Corolla variants at the said country - both of which are designed to run on both bio-ethanol and conventional gasoline.
The Japanese companys Brazilian subsidiary reported that the two Corolla variants will outperform the existing gasoline engine powered Toyota Corolla. The first of the two Corollas is the Corolla Flex which the company hopes to have an initial monthly sale of 2,500 units. The second Corolla model is the Corolla Fielder Flex. For the Fielder Flex, Toyota aims for an initial monthly sale of 750 units. These vehicles are equipped with an engine similar in principle and construction to that of a gasoline engine.
The only difference is that several parts of the engines which run on ethanol need to be fortified still. This is because ethanol is more corrosive than gasoline and to combat this corrosive nature of the alternative fuel, different parts such as fuel lines, valves, cylinder walls, and other parts which comes in contact with the fuel and its emission needs to be reinforced. Other parts such as Airaid cold air intake systems are not affected directly by the corrosive nature of the fuel.
The two Corolla variants according to the company are the first for-market vehicles that can run on pure ethanol that Toyota produces. While there are already many flex-fuel vehicles in the market, the majority of them are not designed to run on pure ethanol. Most of them are configured to run on E10 or E85. The number (10 and 85) pertains to the percentage of bio-ethanol on the fuel. For example, an E85 fuel is 85 percent bio-ethanol and 15 percent gasoline.
One problem though with using pure ethanol as fuel is that a car will be hard to start during the cold weather. To solve this problem some car manufacturers includes a small gasoline reservoir in the car so that gasoline can be sued to start the engine. After the engine is started, it automatically shifts to bio-ethanol. The use of bio-ethanol reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emission which contributes heavily to global warming.
The popularity of ethanol as fuel in Brazil is due to the fact that it is currently largest importer of ethanol in the world. The abundance of sugarcane in the country means that it is suited to producing the alternative fuel. For the past couple of yeas, car companies have been taking advantage of this abundance of ethanol by introducing flex-fuel vehicles in the Brazilian auto market. Given the fact that ethanol is cheaper than gasoline in the country, Brazilian car buyers are quick to shift from pure gasoline cars to flex-fuel cars. Flex-fuel vehicles are so popular in fact that it is reported that eight out of ten new cars sold in the country are flex-fuel vehicles.
With the introduction of the Toyota Corollas to the market, and the fact that the new vehicles are said to be better than the gasoline Corolla, the number of flex-fuel cars on Brazils roads will surely increase in the near future.
Why GERD Can Affect Your Day-To-Day Living And What You Can Do About It!
Heartburn and reflux are common to most people but what about GERD? Are you familiar with GERD and if you are, do you understand what it's symptoms are?
GERD is short for Gastroesophageal Reflux disease and is a term introduced during the past 20 years which will explain why many people aren't familiar with it. If you experience reflux on a regular basis, at least two or more times a week and your quality of life is being affected then it's a strong possibility you may have it.
How Serious Is GERD?
If not treated properly, it can impact not only your quality of life but can cause damage to your esophagus. If left untreated it can lead to other possible health complications. That's why the message to chronic sufferers of reflux is usually strong about seeking medical advice if it's a factor several times a week.
The cause of GERD occurs when food is deposited into the stomach under normal circumstances but is usually prevented from moving into the esophagus by a special valve-like muscle. This, under normal circumstances is a one-way street; food will make it's way into the stomach and usually that's where it stays until digested. On occasions, there is a malfunction; the muscle valve is retarded and acid rises up into the esophagus causing pain and irritation. The result is GERD.
Did You Know?
Heartburn is a symptom of GERD. People often get heartburn and reflux confused but the former is better known as a symptom. However, frequent heartburn attacks such as twice or more a week which diminishes a person's quality of life suggests the presence of GERD.
The Symptoms
Apart from heartburn, which is the main symptom of GERD, other symptoms to take notice of include pain in the chest, sore throat leading to a difficulty in swallowing and an ugly type of after taste. Heartburn is the main symptom however and should be watched closely if it's present on a regular basis.
Treatment
When GERD is established as the problem by a medical professional the treatment process usually needs to be maintained over an extended period of time. While the symptoms themselves may be controlled, a person will need regular support to make sure they stay under control.
Whether treatment includes medication or a change of lifestyle, maintaining proper screening will be encouraged by your doctor. It's vitally important though, self diagnosis and self treatment be avoided as Gerd is a chronic condition.
If you suspect GERD in your life then set up an appointment with your doctor. The chances are strong it could be a factor particularly if you suffer several bouts of heartburn every week.
Your doctor will cover every aspect of your condition and will generally be keen to know whether you are taking any type of medication. Remember, delaying medical opinion may eventually lead to more serious medical problems.
GERD is short for Gastroesophageal Reflux disease and is a term introduced during the past 20 years which will explain why many people aren't familiar with it. If you experience reflux on a regular basis, at least two or more times a week and your quality of life is being affected then it's a strong possibility you may have it.
How Serious Is GERD?
If not treated properly, it can impact not only your quality of life but can cause damage to your esophagus. If left untreated it can lead to other possible health complications. That's why the message to chronic sufferers of reflux is usually strong about seeking medical advice if it's a factor several times a week.
The cause of GERD occurs when food is deposited into the stomach under normal circumstances but is usually prevented from moving into the esophagus by a special valve-like muscle. This, under normal circumstances is a one-way street; food will make it's way into the stomach and usually that's where it stays until digested. On occasions, there is a malfunction; the muscle valve is retarded and acid rises up into the esophagus causing pain and irritation. The result is GERD.
Did You Know?
Heartburn is a symptom of GERD. People often get heartburn and reflux confused but the former is better known as a symptom. However, frequent heartburn attacks such as twice or more a week which diminishes a person's quality of life suggests the presence of GERD.
The Symptoms
Apart from heartburn, which is the main symptom of GERD, other symptoms to take notice of include pain in the chest, sore throat leading to a difficulty in swallowing and an ugly type of after taste. Heartburn is the main symptom however and should be watched closely if it's present on a regular basis.
Treatment
When GERD is established as the problem by a medical professional the treatment process usually needs to be maintained over an extended period of time. While the symptoms themselves may be controlled, a person will need regular support to make sure they stay under control.
Whether treatment includes medication or a change of lifestyle, maintaining proper screening will be encouraged by your doctor. It's vitally important though, self diagnosis and self treatment be avoided as Gerd is a chronic condition.
If you suspect GERD in your life then set up an appointment with your doctor. The chances are strong it could be a factor particularly if you suffer several bouts of heartburn every week.
Your doctor will cover every aspect of your condition and will generally be keen to know whether you are taking any type of medication. Remember, delaying medical opinion may eventually lead to more serious medical problems.
Brake Booster: Making Brake Application Less Hard
The Mercedes-Benz brake system is composed of two brake assemblies: hydraulic and friction brakes. The friction brake assembly sits right smack on brake operation flash points, while the hydraulic brake parts are located adjacent to the enginewhere they are on high groundto provide supplemental braking and enhance the friction brakes.
On a Mercedes-Benz disc brake set, friction brakes consist of a rotor/disc and a pair of brake pads, while on a drum brake assembly a drum takes up the place of the disc and the brake shoes that of the brake pads. Friction brakes use the traditional clamp-style method: a piston fitted with brake shoes, or a caliper with brake pads, tightening on a rotor to retard the motion of the car.
Every time the caliper/piston grips the rotor, the rotational motion of the rotor turns into heat. Because of a potential heat buildup, friction brake parts are made of materials with high heat resistance. The brake pads, for example, are embedded with materialscommonly asbestoswhich make the pads last long in the face of chronic heat present in the Mercedes-Benz brake assembly. The brake discs, on the other hand, are fitted with heat vents. The brake disc contact surface comes in either slotted or cross-drilled design, a structural feature that exhausts heat away from the brake assembly.
Friction brake parts inevitably succumb to heat, with its brake pads thinning out and/or the disc getting deformed on account of the friction. Unavoidably, they need to be replaced. In the event that the friction brake parts lose the up-to-specs brake power, the Mercedes-Benz brake system borrows time from its hydraulic brake assembly.
Composed of a network of brake hoses, brake booster, and hydraulic pumps, hydraulic brakes supply brake fluid in the Mercedes-Benz brake system. With the brake system well oiled, brake operation becomes less hard on the friction brake parts. Central to the Mercedes-Benz hydraulic brakes is the brake booster, typically the black canister that sits snug under the car hood. The Mercedes-Benz brake booster consists chiefly of a vacuum booster, linked to the master cylinder piston and the brake pedal by a push rod. In the event that the friction brake parts thin out, brake operation is compromised. In most cases, it shows up in the form of deep pressing on the brake pedal. The Mercedes-Benz brake booster eases brake application by providing the necessary brake assist.
Inside the vacuum booster, a diaphragm partitions the canister between the low-pressure vacuum and the high-pressure ambient air. A hose from the engine opens to a clever valve and supplies the vacuum to the booster. When the brake pedal is pressed, the rod cracks the valve open, allows ambient air to get into the canister and push the vacuum side of the diaphragm, and thrusts the rod on to the master cylinder piston. The master cylinder piston then engages the Mercedes-Benz brake system to retard the motion of the car.
On a Mercedes-Benz disc brake set, friction brakes consist of a rotor/disc and a pair of brake pads, while on a drum brake assembly a drum takes up the place of the disc and the brake shoes that of the brake pads. Friction brakes use the traditional clamp-style method: a piston fitted with brake shoes, or a caliper with brake pads, tightening on a rotor to retard the motion of the car.
Every time the caliper/piston grips the rotor, the rotational motion of the rotor turns into heat. Because of a potential heat buildup, friction brake parts are made of materials with high heat resistance. The brake pads, for example, are embedded with materialscommonly asbestoswhich make the pads last long in the face of chronic heat present in the Mercedes-Benz brake assembly. The brake discs, on the other hand, are fitted with heat vents. The brake disc contact surface comes in either slotted or cross-drilled design, a structural feature that exhausts heat away from the brake assembly.
Friction brake parts inevitably succumb to heat, with its brake pads thinning out and/or the disc getting deformed on account of the friction. Unavoidably, they need to be replaced. In the event that the friction brake parts lose the up-to-specs brake power, the Mercedes-Benz brake system borrows time from its hydraulic brake assembly.
Composed of a network of brake hoses, brake booster, and hydraulic pumps, hydraulic brakes supply brake fluid in the Mercedes-Benz brake system. With the brake system well oiled, brake operation becomes less hard on the friction brake parts. Central to the Mercedes-Benz hydraulic brakes is the brake booster, typically the black canister that sits snug under the car hood. The Mercedes-Benz brake booster consists chiefly of a vacuum booster, linked to the master cylinder piston and the brake pedal by a push rod. In the event that the friction brake parts thin out, brake operation is compromised. In most cases, it shows up in the form of deep pressing on the brake pedal. The Mercedes-Benz brake booster eases brake application by providing the necessary brake assist.
Inside the vacuum booster, a diaphragm partitions the canister between the low-pressure vacuum and the high-pressure ambient air. A hose from the engine opens to a clever valve and supplies the vacuum to the booster. When the brake pedal is pressed, the rod cracks the valve open, allows ambient air to get into the canister and push the vacuum side of the diaphragm, and thrusts the rod on to the master cylinder piston. The master cylinder piston then engages the Mercedes-Benz brake system to retard the motion of the car.
Guitar Sucks You In. So Tune up Your Life
You rarely, if ever, come across a guy or a girl who hasn't heard of guitar, let alone see it or play it. Not a surprise, if you knew the history which has thrown up countless styles of this stringed instrument. It runs for over 5000 years, pictures and figurines are reclaimed from Iranian sites that depict playing instruments similar to guitars.
But why could it retain its popularity for so long a time? It is not mysterious to answer this question, at all. Guitars acclimate perfectly well with classical styles as it does with popular and rock styles, play it as a solo instrument or use as an accompaniment, it is fine. It is also fine to choose guitars with six, eight, ten or even 12 strings, as you like. In a nut shell, guitar is a great escape when you are lonely and depressed.
Types of Guitars
There are just two types to divide guitars.
1.Acoustic type: These classic guitars are fondly known as Hawaiian guitars too. They don't need outside inputs to amplify the acoustics but can do so themselves, even though they are now a day available fitted with electric gadgets to power the amplification needs. What still beckons is the loudness which is absent.
2.Electric type: Electric guitars pickup mechanical vibrations of strings for amplification by first picking them up via radio or electric signals and then amplifying. The built-in electronic part of the guitar uses semiconductor chips to manage the whole thing unlike the vacuum diodes and valves of the yester era. If you are interested, the electric guitars score over their poor country cousins, the classic acoustic guitars, in many ways such as tapping, hammer-on, legato and pull-offs to name a few.
There are countless sub varieties that combine the plusses of both or otherwise simply stand out. There are hybrid guitars that combine acoustic and electric guitars. Don't be surprised to see double necked or a 5.1 surround guitar too.
Guitar and the Beginner
Don't worry if you are challenged for time these days. You can easily find a guitar lesson designed especially for the beginners over the internet. Although this calls for greater dedication and passion as opposed to being taught by a musician, you have the comfort of making your time table, beginning where you want to, and the complete absence of that embarrassed feel in the beginning when you produce some funny noises plucking your strings.
Saddle up again guitar is all about spicing up life.
But why could it retain its popularity for so long a time? It is not mysterious to answer this question, at all. Guitars acclimate perfectly well with classical styles as it does with popular and rock styles, play it as a solo instrument or use as an accompaniment, it is fine. It is also fine to choose guitars with six, eight, ten or even 12 strings, as you like. In a nut shell, guitar is a great escape when you are lonely and depressed.
Types of Guitars
There are just two types to divide guitars.
1.Acoustic type: These classic guitars are fondly known as Hawaiian guitars too. They don't need outside inputs to amplify the acoustics but can do so themselves, even though they are now a day available fitted with electric gadgets to power the amplification needs. What still beckons is the loudness which is absent.
2.Electric type: Electric guitars pickup mechanical vibrations of strings for amplification by first picking them up via radio or electric signals and then amplifying. The built-in electronic part of the guitar uses semiconductor chips to manage the whole thing unlike the vacuum diodes and valves of the yester era. If you are interested, the electric guitars score over their poor country cousins, the classic acoustic guitars, in many ways such as tapping, hammer-on, legato and pull-offs to name a few.
There are countless sub varieties that combine the plusses of both or otherwise simply stand out. There are hybrid guitars that combine acoustic and electric guitars. Don't be surprised to see double necked or a 5.1 surround guitar too.
Guitar and the Beginner
Don't worry if you are challenged for time these days. You can easily find a guitar lesson designed especially for the beginners over the internet. Although this calls for greater dedication and passion as opposed to being taught by a musician, you have the comfort of making your time table, beginning where you want to, and the complete absence of that embarrassed feel in the beginning when you produce some funny noises plucking your strings.
Saddle up again guitar is all about spicing up life.
The XC90: Volvos Special Purpose Vehicle
The Volvo XC90 from its inception in the market has been an award winner and has received much praise. Volvos quest for the crossover vehicle market supremacy is highlighted by the rise in popularity of the Volvo XC90. The crossover vehicle carrying with it the reputation of the companys drive towards providing safe cars for the public has been improved and made even safer and made to perform even better. The sport utility vehicle frame on a cars body with the integrated safety systems and a wide array of technologically advanced features make this vehicle a top contender in its class which includes some heavy competition. This, of course, makes the feat quite remarkable.
The vehicles power comes from a 4.4-liter, double overhead cam V8 engine which is a first for a Volvo known for using inline engines with five or six cylinders. The engine is configured to have variable valve timing to maximize the engines capability to produce up to 311 units of horsepower. The V8 engine built by motorcycle giant Yamaha is the only engine of its kind to give a vehicle a designation of ULEVII or Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle. This feat is another testament to the companys dedication not only for safer but also cleaner cars. The design of the engine makes this possible and the perfectly engineered parts from the Volvo distributor cap down to the spark plugs and to the exhaust manifold works in harmony to reduce the emission of the vehicle.
The car is an all wheel drive thus giving the Volvo XC90 better traction and stability even during nasty weather. All the wheels of the vehicle get their power from the engine via the Volvo Geartronic 6-speed automatic transmission equipped with the Adaptive Shift Logic and Winter Mode which can give the car smooth gear shifting. Fuel efficiency of the vehicle is respectable which is rated at 15 miles per gallon on city driving or 21 miles on the highway. Its sports utility vehicle trait is apparent in its towing capacity which is rated at 5,000 pounds which is quite the same with the Honda Ridgeline pickup.
The interior of the Volvo XC90 is not only packed with safety features like airbags and pre-tensioned seat belts but is also a treat to the eye and other senses as well. The design defines luxury from the wood and metal accents which complements the plush black leather which adorns the interior. The integrated controls, handles and the seats are designed to bring comfort and please the eye. The car is roomy enough to seat seven passengers with adequate legroom and headspace. All the seats except the drivers can be folded down to accommodate luggage if the rear storage space is not enough.
With all the rich features and the high performance capability of the vehicle coupled with the companys mark of high safety standards makes the Volvo XC90 a serious contender in its class.
2007年11月21日星期三
Gastric Bypass Surgery as the Ultimate Solution to Morbid Obesity?
Obesity is a condition that has no single effective solution, considering that the problem may not lie on simple matters of changing lifestyle and health choices. With more and more people being diagnosed as clinically obese, it would seem that health concerns cannot be addressed by diet and exercise alone, which is why medical experts recommend gastric bypass surgery as a last resort to attempt to correct where diet and exercise have failed.
Not for everyone.
The first thing to remember is that not all obese individuals are candidates for gastric bypass surgery. Gastric bypass surgery is only advised for the morbidly obese, or those who are at least 50 kgs over their ideal weight. People with moderate weight problems are better off changing their diets and undergoing an exercise regimen rather than undergoing this drastic procedure.
Gastric bypass surgery is also not a magic procedure that will end all future weight gain. It will require that a patient maintain a lifetime of commitment to healthy eating and fitness. Most insurance policies also do not cover this procedure, which may cost upwards from $15,000.
What happens in a gastric bypass operation
Basically, a bariatric surgeon will perform two procedures: reduce stomach size with gastric staples or a gastric silastic ring and change the way food works in the body by bypassing a part of the small intestine so food does not remain there.
Gastric bypass surgery will require general anesthesia since the surgeon will be dividing the stomach into two parts, separating each with two rows of staples. An incision is made between the staples. The top section or pouch usually holds only about a tablespoon of food (the stomach can hold a quart). Eventually, this will expand to contain as much as one cup.
The logic of the operation is that once the stomach is decreased in size, the patient will feel full with less food intake. With the duodenum and jejunum bypassed, the number of calories absorbed by the body is also decreased since food goes directly from the stomach to the ileum which is the latter portion of the intestines.
The procedures that are used for these types of surgery include the roux-en-y, biliopancreatic diversion and fobi pouch bypass.
What to expect after undergoing gastric bypass surgery
Most complications arising from gastric bypass surgery may be corrected and improved upon. However, the patient should understand that his digestive process is not what it used to be. He will need to watch his diet, take supplements, medications, eat specially-prepared food and work with medical professionals who will closely monitor his condition. And this is what he will have to deal with for the rest of his life.
Some concerns after surgery
Vomiting
As the patient slowly adjusts to his new condition, he might make the mistake of eating more than his stomach can hold. Since gastric bypass surgery prevents food from passing out of the stomach, he might vomit the excess as a result. The patient will also need to chew his food very well since bigger particles might stretch his stomach pouch.
Dumping
Because the pyloric valve is bypassed, there is a tendency for food to leave the stomach too quickly and enter the digestive tract immediately. This action causes the body to release adrenalin which sets off some stressful symptoms like palpitations, nausea, diarrhea and sweating. Dumping is not necessarily a health risk but it is very uncomfortable for the patient. It is less likely to occur after a duodenal switch.
Vitamin deficiency
This operation will significantly lower the body's efficiency in absorbing vitamins and minerals, which is why it is very important for patients to take nutritional supplements.
Hernia
At least 10% of patients suffer from abdominal hernias after surgery, caused by straining and vomiting. To reduce the risk, laparoscopy-assisted surgery may be considered instead.
Health Problems
Post-operation, some patients may suffer from gastritis, infection and gallstones. If weight is lost too quickly, they may also experience unsightly loosening of skin. There is also a risk that they will regain weight after a few years.
The gastric bypass bottomline
Gastric bypass surgery is a major operation and the there are significant risks of complications. In fact, most gastric bypass operations are irreversible which is why potential patients are well advised to communicate with their doctors and understand completely what is involved and what they can realistically expect.
More than anything, potential patients must also try to consider the drastic change in their lifestyle that gastric bypass surgery will cause. It will not only change their body shape and weight, it will also require them to change their diet and eating habits. Immediately after surgery, patients will have to adhere to a strict regimen of proper nutrition and exercise. They might also want to consider joining support groups after they undergo gastric bypass.
Not for everyone.
The first thing to remember is that not all obese individuals are candidates for gastric bypass surgery. Gastric bypass surgery is only advised for the morbidly obese, or those who are at least 50 kgs over their ideal weight. People with moderate weight problems are better off changing their diets and undergoing an exercise regimen rather than undergoing this drastic procedure.
Gastric bypass surgery is also not a magic procedure that will end all future weight gain. It will require that a patient maintain a lifetime of commitment to healthy eating and fitness. Most insurance policies also do not cover this procedure, which may cost upwards from $15,000.
What happens in a gastric bypass operation
Basically, a bariatric surgeon will perform two procedures: reduce stomach size with gastric staples or a gastric silastic ring and change the way food works in the body by bypassing a part of the small intestine so food does not remain there.
Gastric bypass surgery will require general anesthesia since the surgeon will be dividing the stomach into two parts, separating each with two rows of staples. An incision is made between the staples. The top section or pouch usually holds only about a tablespoon of food (the stomach can hold a quart). Eventually, this will expand to contain as much as one cup.
The logic of the operation is that once the stomach is decreased in size, the patient will feel full with less food intake. With the duodenum and jejunum bypassed, the number of calories absorbed by the body is also decreased since food goes directly from the stomach to the ileum which is the latter portion of the intestines.
The procedures that are used for these types of surgery include the roux-en-y, biliopancreatic diversion and fobi pouch bypass.
What to expect after undergoing gastric bypass surgery
Most complications arising from gastric bypass surgery may be corrected and improved upon. However, the patient should understand that his digestive process is not what it used to be. He will need to watch his diet, take supplements, medications, eat specially-prepared food and work with medical professionals who will closely monitor his condition. And this is what he will have to deal with for the rest of his life.
Some concerns after surgery
Vomiting
As the patient slowly adjusts to his new condition, he might make the mistake of eating more than his stomach can hold. Since gastric bypass surgery prevents food from passing out of the stomach, he might vomit the excess as a result. The patient will also need to chew his food very well since bigger particles might stretch his stomach pouch.
Dumping
Because the pyloric valve is bypassed, there is a tendency for food to leave the stomach too quickly and enter the digestive tract immediately. This action causes the body to release adrenalin which sets off some stressful symptoms like palpitations, nausea, diarrhea and sweating. Dumping is not necessarily a health risk but it is very uncomfortable for the patient. It is less likely to occur after a duodenal switch.
Vitamin deficiency
This operation will significantly lower the body's efficiency in absorbing vitamins and minerals, which is why it is very important for patients to take nutritional supplements.
Hernia
At least 10% of patients suffer from abdominal hernias after surgery, caused by straining and vomiting. To reduce the risk, laparoscopy-assisted surgery may be considered instead.
Health Problems
Post-operation, some patients may suffer from gastritis, infection and gallstones. If weight is lost too quickly, they may also experience unsightly loosening of skin. There is also a risk that they will regain weight after a few years.
The gastric bypass bottomline
Gastric bypass surgery is a major operation and the there are significant risks of complications. In fact, most gastric bypass operations are irreversible which is why potential patients are well advised to communicate with their doctors and understand completely what is involved and what they can realistically expect.
More than anything, potential patients must also try to consider the drastic change in their lifestyle that gastric bypass surgery will cause. It will not only change their body shape and weight, it will also require them to change their diet and eating habits. Immediately after surgery, patients will have to adhere to a strict regimen of proper nutrition and exercise. They might also want to consider joining support groups after they undergo gastric bypass.
2007年11月18日星期日
What Really Causes Acid Reflux
Acid reflux occurs because the muscle at the bottom of the esophagus fails to close properly. This muscle should work like a one-way valve, allowing food to enter the stomach, and stopping stomach acid from backing up.
Several factors will influence the way this muscle works. In infants and babies, the muscle may not close tight enough to keep the stomach acid in the tummy. This is commonly called colic. Colic can be miserable for both the baby and the family, but it generally disappears by about six to eight months of age, as the child's muscles develop and strengthen. Another common reason people suffer from heartburn is pregnancy, or being overweight. Both of these conditions cause extra pressure to build up along the diaphragm, and push on the lower esophagus. This can weaken the muscle, and promote acid reflux.
Almost fifty percent of heartburn sufferers have stomach muscles that work very slowly, this can result in delayed emptying of the stomach. When this occurs, food remains in the stomach longer than normal, increasing the chances that the stomach acid could splash up on the sensitive tissues of the esophagus.
Hiatal hernias can also cause the symptoms of acid reflux. The hiatus is a passageway in the diaphragm that permits food from the esophagus to pass into the stomach. A hiatal hernia is when a small part of the stomach actually protrudes up through the hole. This prevents the muscle at the bottom of the esophagus from working properly, and can lead to acid reflux.
Several common medications may also cause you to suffer the effects of acid reflux. Medications that irritate the stomach lining can aggravate the symptoms of acid reflux. The most common medications that do this are Motrin, Nuprin, and Advil. These medications are commonly used as pain relievers, and many sufferers report relief if the take these medications with food.
Different types of foods can also cause heartburn. If you suffer from this disease, keeping a food diary can help you discover the cause and prevent future suffering. Many people get into the habit of taking antacids several times each day. This only masks the symptoms of acid reflux, and provides short-term relief. If you find yourself using antacids more than three times each week, then it is time to visit the doctor. Several effective treatments will stop acid reflux, and prevent complications from starting.
Several factors will influence the way this muscle works. In infants and babies, the muscle may not close tight enough to keep the stomach acid in the tummy. This is commonly called colic. Colic can be miserable for both the baby and the family, but it generally disappears by about six to eight months of age, as the child's muscles develop and strengthen. Another common reason people suffer from heartburn is pregnancy, or being overweight. Both of these conditions cause extra pressure to build up along the diaphragm, and push on the lower esophagus. This can weaken the muscle, and promote acid reflux.
Almost fifty percent of heartburn sufferers have stomach muscles that work very slowly, this can result in delayed emptying of the stomach. When this occurs, food remains in the stomach longer than normal, increasing the chances that the stomach acid could splash up on the sensitive tissues of the esophagus.
Hiatal hernias can also cause the symptoms of acid reflux. The hiatus is a passageway in the diaphragm that permits food from the esophagus to pass into the stomach. A hiatal hernia is when a small part of the stomach actually protrudes up through the hole. This prevents the muscle at the bottom of the esophagus from working properly, and can lead to acid reflux.
Several common medications may also cause you to suffer the effects of acid reflux. Medications that irritate the stomach lining can aggravate the symptoms of acid reflux. The most common medications that do this are Motrin, Nuprin, and Advil. These medications are commonly used as pain relievers, and many sufferers report relief if the take these medications with food.
Different types of foods can also cause heartburn. If you suffer from this disease, keeping a food diary can help you discover the cause and prevent future suffering. Many people get into the habit of taking antacids several times each day. This only masks the symptoms of acid reflux, and provides short-term relief. If you find yourself using antacids more than three times each week, then it is time to visit the doctor. Several effective treatments will stop acid reflux, and prevent complications from starting.
Industrial Battery Safety Guide for Yuasa Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries
A Yuasa sealed lead-acid battery is a type of industrial battery that is designed so that during the charging process, oxygen is generated, captured and recombined within the battery. The electrolyte is confined, but the gases escape through a vent or valve if the pressure inside exceeds its threshold.
These types of batteries work well for many industrial and day-to-day purposes, even in cars, boats and power generators. However, you should take the necessary safety precautions while using Yuasa sealed lead-acid batteries. Here are some quick tips for industrial battery safety.
Battery Storage Safety
When storing industrial batteries, be sure the storage area is well ventilated. Also, industrial batteries should not be stored near flames or where sparks can form. For damaged batteries, be sure to label these as "damaged" and store them in containment structures that are acid-resistant.
Tips for Charging Yuasa Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries
When charging industrial batteries, use a charger that is designed for that particular battery. Otherwise, you could permanently damage the battery or cause a fire to occur. The charging area should not be located near where flames, electric arcs or sparks could form. Never over-charge an industrial battery. Always replenish the battery fluid with distilled water.
If in a work environment, be sure there are emergency wash facilities located near the charging and storage areas. Also in both the charging and storage areas, hang signs stating "No Smoking - Flammable."
Storing and Pouring Acid for Yuasa Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries
When storing acid for industrial batteries, keep the acid away from direct sunlight and be sure the storage area stays cool at all times. Always use nonmetallic funnels and containers. Pour the concentrated acid into the water very slowly and carefully; do NOT pour water into the acid. Wear safety gloves, goggles and arm protection while working with acid.
If you get acid in your eyes, flush them immediately with water for at least 15 minutes, and then seek medical attention. If you get acid on your skin, rinse the skin immediately with lots of water. If the acid burns appear to be second degree burns or worse, then seek medical attention. In case of an acid spill, neutralize the spill with baking soda, and then rinse it with clean water.
Servicing Industrial Batteries
Service industrial batteries regularly and inspect them for loose connections, corrosion on connectors or terminals, cracked areas on the battery case or cover, loose clamps, and defective cables. Replace any worn or torn parts. Clean the battery terminal and clamps with a tapered brush and a baking soda solution, but be careful not to touch both terminals simultaneously as this can cause shock. Be sure to follow the Yuasa sealed lead-acid battery manufacturer's guide when replacing or repairing the battery.
Follow these tips to use Yuasa sealed lead-acid batteries safely and effectively. You'll get longer use out of the batteries, and will also protect yourself and others from injury.
These types of batteries work well for many industrial and day-to-day purposes, even in cars, boats and power generators. However, you should take the necessary safety precautions while using Yuasa sealed lead-acid batteries. Here are some quick tips for industrial battery safety.
Battery Storage Safety
When storing industrial batteries, be sure the storage area is well ventilated. Also, industrial batteries should not be stored near flames or where sparks can form. For damaged batteries, be sure to label these as "damaged" and store them in containment structures that are acid-resistant.
Tips for Charging Yuasa Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries
When charging industrial batteries, use a charger that is designed for that particular battery. Otherwise, you could permanently damage the battery or cause a fire to occur. The charging area should not be located near where flames, electric arcs or sparks could form. Never over-charge an industrial battery. Always replenish the battery fluid with distilled water.
If in a work environment, be sure there are emergency wash facilities located near the charging and storage areas. Also in both the charging and storage areas, hang signs stating "No Smoking - Flammable."
Storing and Pouring Acid for Yuasa Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries
When storing acid for industrial batteries, keep the acid away from direct sunlight and be sure the storage area stays cool at all times. Always use nonmetallic funnels and containers. Pour the concentrated acid into the water very slowly and carefully; do NOT pour water into the acid. Wear safety gloves, goggles and arm protection while working with acid.
If you get acid in your eyes, flush them immediately with water for at least 15 minutes, and then seek medical attention. If you get acid on your skin, rinse the skin immediately with lots of water. If the acid burns appear to be second degree burns or worse, then seek medical attention. In case of an acid spill, neutralize the spill with baking soda, and then rinse it with clean water.
Servicing Industrial Batteries
Service industrial batteries regularly and inspect them for loose connections, corrosion on connectors or terminals, cracked areas on the battery case or cover, loose clamps, and defective cables. Replace any worn or torn parts. Clean the battery terminal and clamps with a tapered brush and a baking soda solution, but be careful not to touch both terminals simultaneously as this can cause shock. Be sure to follow the Yuasa sealed lead-acid battery manufacturer's guide when replacing or repairing the battery.
Follow these tips to use Yuasa sealed lead-acid batteries safely and effectively. You'll get longer use out of the batteries, and will also protect yourself and others from injury.
2007年11月6日星期二
关于一个女人的爱情经典名句A woman on the classic famous love
·世上最遥远的距离，不是生与死的距离，不是天各一方，而是我就站在你面前，你却不知道我爱你。
·深情是我担不起的重担，情话只是偶然兑现的谎言。
·我爱你，为了你的幸福，我愿意放弃一切--包括你。
·失望，有时候也是一种幸福，因为有所期待所以才会失望。因为有爱，才会有期待，所以纵使失望，也是一种幸福，虽然这种幸福有点痛。
·世上最凄绝的距离是两个人本来距离很远，互不相识，忽然有一天，他们相识，相爱，距离变得很近。 然后有一天,不再相爱了，本来很近的两个人，变得很远，甚至比以前更远。
·爱情使人忘记时间，时间也使人忘记爱情。
·孤单不是与生俱来，而是由你爱上一个人的那一刻开始。
·喜欢一个人，是不会有痛苦的。爱一个人，也许有绵长的痛苦，但他给我的快乐，也是世上最大的快乐。
·两个人一起是为了快乐，分手是为了减轻痛苦，你无法再令我快乐，我也唯有离开，我离开的时候，也很痛苦，只是，你肯定比我痛苦，因为我首先说再见，首先追求快乐的是我。
·狗不会瘦，因为它不会思念。人会瘦，因为他思念着别人。人总是被思念折磨，在思念里做一头可怜的流浪狗。
·凡事皆有代价，快乐的代价便是痛苦。
·开始的时侯，我们就知道，总会有终结。
·爱情还没有来到，日子是无忧无虑的；最痛苦的，也不过是测验和考试。当时觉得很大压力，后来回望，不过是多么的微小。
·有些人注定是等待别人的，有些人是注定被人等的。
·我以为爱情可以克服一切，谁知道她有时毫无力量。我以为爱情可以填满人生的遗憾，然而，制造更多遗憾的，却偏偏是爱情。阴晴圆缺，在一段爱情中不断重演。换一个人，都不会天色常蓝。
·爱情要完结的时候自会完结，到时候，你不想画上句号也不行。
·同一个人，是没法给你相同的痛苦的。 当他重复地伤害你，那个伤口已经习惯了，感觉已经麻木了，无论在给他伤害多少次，也远远不如第一次受的伤那么痛了。
·爱情，原来是含笑饮毒酒。
·爱一个人很难，放弃自己心爱的人更难。
·当爱情来临，当然也是快乐的。但是，这种快乐是要付出的，也要学习去接受失望，伤痛和离别。从此，人生不再纯粹。
·我们也许可以同时爱两个人，又被两个人所爱。遗憾的是，我们只能跟其中一个厮守到老。
·爱上一个人的时候，总会有点害怕，怕得到他；怕失掉他。
·你曾经不被人所爱，你才会珍惜将来那个爱你的人。
·不能见面的时候，他们互相思念。可是一旦能够见面，一旦再走在一起，他们又会互相折磨。
·只想找一个在我失意时可以承受我的眼泪，在我快乐时，可以让我咬一口的肩膊。
·如果我不爱你，我就不会思念你，我就不会妒忌你身边的异性，我也不会失去自信心和斗志，我更不会痛苦。如果我能够不爱你，那该多好。
·别离，是为了重聚。
·爱火，还是不应该重燃的，重燃了，从前那些美丽的回忆也会化为乌有。如果我们没有重聚，也许我僣带着他深深的思念洽着，直到肉体衰朽；可是，这一刻，我却恨他。所有的美好日子，已经远远一去不回了。
·追求和渴望，才有快乐，也有沮丧和失望。经过了沮丧和失望，我们才学会珍惜。你曾经不被人所爱，你才会珍惜将来那个爱你的人。
·如果情感和岁月也能轻轻撕碎，扔到海中，那么，我愿意从此就在海底沉默。你的言语，我爱听，却不懂得，我的沉默，你愿见，却不明白。
·爱情本来并不复杂，来来去去不过三个字，不是我爱你，我恨你，便是算了吧。你好吗？对不起。
The world's most remote distance, the distance is not life and death, not天各一方, but I stand before you, you do not know I love you.
Passion is my担不起burden, if only occasionally intelligence honor lies.
I love you, to your happiness, I am willing to give up everything - including you.
Disappointed, sometimes a blessing, because it will be something to look forward to disappointment. Because of the love, can we look forward to, even though disappointing, is also a kind of happiness, though this happiness a little pain.
Most Qijue world is the distance between two people who have very far distance, did not know each other, all of a sudden one day, they met in love, distance has become very close. Then one day, no longer in love, the two have been very close, it is very much, or even farther than before.
Love people forget that time, people forget that time love.
Loneliness is not hereditary, but by the one person you love that moment.
Like a person is not painful. Loving a person, it might be绵长pain, but he gave me the happiness, but also the world's largest happy.
Two people together is to be happy, breaking up is to relieve pain, you can no longer makes me happy, and I only left when I left, and it is very painful, but you sure than I am suffering, because first of all, I say goodbye, first of all, the pursuit of happiness is my.
Dogs will not thin, because it will not miss. One thin, think of others because he. People always miss being tortured, miss, do a poor stray dogs.
Everything is price, the price is happy painful.
At the beginning of Hou, we know, there is always the end.
Love has not yet arrived, the days are carefree; Most painful, it is tests and examinations. At that time, feel great pressure, but looking back, but is very small.
Some people are destined to wait for others, some people are doomed to be reciprocity.
I think that love can overcome all, who knows she sometimes without power. I think that love can fill a life of regret, however, create more regrettable, however, is just love.阴晴round repudiation of a period of constant repetition of love. For a person, are not the weather often blue.
Love should be the end of their time since the end of that time, you do not want to nor an end.
The same person, can not give you the same painful. When he hurt you repeat, that the wound had become accustomed to, has been feeling numbness, both in the number of injuries to him, the first time by far inferior to the injury then pain.
Love, the original is Michelia drink毒酒.
Loving a person is difficult to give up his beloved people even more difficult.
When the advent of love, of course, is happy. However, this happiness is to be paid, we should also learn to accept disappointment, grief and farewell. Since then, life is no longer purely.
Perhaps we can love two people at the same time, loved by two people. Unfortunately, we can only with one厮守to old age.
When love with a person, always a bit afraid, be afraid of him; Fear of losing him.
You have not been loved, you will cherish the future that the people love you.
Can not met, they miss each other. But once able to meet once go together, they will have mutual torture.
I just wanted to find a frustrated when I can take the tears in my happiness, can make me a bite on his shoulder.
If I do not love you, I will not miss you, I will not be jealous of you close to the opposite sex, I will not lose their self-confidence and fighting spirit, I will not be painful. If I can not love you, it该多好.
Parting is to reunite.
Love fires, or should not re-ignite, re-ignite, and those beautiful memories of the past will come to naught. If we do not have reunited, perhaps I Jian With his deep yearning contact with, until physical衰朽; However, at this moment, but I hate him. All the good days, a far一去不回.
The pursuit and the desire for only happy, but also frustrated and disappointed. After the frustration and disappointment that we learn treasure. You have not been loved, you will cherish the future that the people love you.
If emotion and time can also gently torn into pieces and thrown into the sea, then I am willing to silence henceforth in the seabed. Your words, I love to hear, and do not know how, my silence, you would like to see, do not understand.
Love was not complicated, but the name has always been, I did not love you, I hate you, it is out. How are you? Sorry.
·深情是我担不起的重担，情话只是偶然兑现的谎言。
·我爱你，为了你的幸福，我愿意放弃一切--包括你。
·失望，有时候也是一种幸福，因为有所期待所以才会失望。因为有爱，才会有期待，所以纵使失望，也是一种幸福，虽然这种幸福有点痛。
·世上最凄绝的距离是两个人本来距离很远，互不相识，忽然有一天，他们相识，相爱，距离变得很近。 然后有一天,不再相爱了，本来很近的两个人，变得很远，甚至比以前更远。
·爱情使人忘记时间，时间也使人忘记爱情。
·孤单不是与生俱来，而是由你爱上一个人的那一刻开始。
·喜欢一个人，是不会有痛苦的。爱一个人，也许有绵长的痛苦，但他给我的快乐，也是世上最大的快乐。
·两个人一起是为了快乐，分手是为了减轻痛苦，你无法再令我快乐，我也唯有离开，我离开的时候，也很痛苦，只是，你肯定比我痛苦，因为我首先说再见，首先追求快乐的是我。
·狗不会瘦，因为它不会思念。人会瘦，因为他思念着别人。人总是被思念折磨，在思念里做一头可怜的流浪狗。
·凡事皆有代价，快乐的代价便是痛苦。
·开始的时侯，我们就知道，总会有终结。
·爱情还没有来到，日子是无忧无虑的；最痛苦的，也不过是测验和考试。当时觉得很大压力，后来回望，不过是多么的微小。
·有些人注定是等待别人的，有些人是注定被人等的。
·我以为爱情可以克服一切，谁知道她有时毫无力量。我以为爱情可以填满人生的遗憾，然而，制造更多遗憾的，却偏偏是爱情。阴晴圆缺，在一段爱情中不断重演。换一个人，都不会天色常蓝。
·爱情要完结的时候自会完结，到时候，你不想画上句号也不行。
·同一个人，是没法给你相同的痛苦的。 当他重复地伤害你，那个伤口已经习惯了，感觉已经麻木了，无论在给他伤害多少次，也远远不如第一次受的伤那么痛了。
·爱情，原来是含笑饮毒酒。
·爱一个人很难，放弃自己心爱的人更难。
·当爱情来临，当然也是快乐的。但是，这种快乐是要付出的，也要学习去接受失望，伤痛和离别。从此，人生不再纯粹。
·我们也许可以同时爱两个人，又被两个人所爱。遗憾的是，我们只能跟其中一个厮守到老。
·爱上一个人的时候，总会有点害怕，怕得到他；怕失掉他。
·你曾经不被人所爱，你才会珍惜将来那个爱你的人。
·不能见面的时候，他们互相思念。可是一旦能够见面，一旦再走在一起，他们又会互相折磨。
·只想找一个在我失意时可以承受我的眼泪，在我快乐时，可以让我咬一口的肩膊。
·如果我不爱你，我就不会思念你，我就不会妒忌你身边的异性，我也不会失去自信心和斗志，我更不会痛苦。如果我能够不爱你，那该多好。
·别离，是为了重聚。
·爱火，还是不应该重燃的，重燃了，从前那些美丽的回忆也会化为乌有。如果我们没有重聚，也许我僣带着他深深的思念洽着，直到肉体衰朽；可是，这一刻，我却恨他。所有的美好日子，已经远远一去不回了。
·追求和渴望，才有快乐，也有沮丧和失望。经过了沮丧和失望，我们才学会珍惜。你曾经不被人所爱，你才会珍惜将来那个爱你的人。
·如果情感和岁月也能轻轻撕碎，扔到海中，那么，我愿意从此就在海底沉默。你的言语，我爱听，却不懂得，我的沉默，你愿见，却不明白。
·爱情本来并不复杂，来来去去不过三个字，不是我爱你，我恨你，便是算了吧。你好吗？对不起。
The world's most remote distance, the distance is not life and death, not天各一方, but I stand before you, you do not know I love you.
Passion is my担不起burden, if only occasionally intelligence honor lies.
I love you, to your happiness, I am willing to give up everything - including you.
Disappointed, sometimes a blessing, because it will be something to look forward to disappointment. Because of the love, can we look forward to, even though disappointing, is also a kind of happiness, though this happiness a little pain.
Most Qijue world is the distance between two people who have very far distance, did not know each other, all of a sudden one day, they met in love, distance has become very close. Then one day, no longer in love, the two have been very close, it is very much, or even farther than before.
Love people forget that time, people forget that time love.
Loneliness is not hereditary, but by the one person you love that moment.
Like a person is not painful. Loving a person, it might be绵长pain, but he gave me the happiness, but also the world's largest happy.
Two people together is to be happy, breaking up is to relieve pain, you can no longer makes me happy, and I only left when I left, and it is very painful, but you sure than I am suffering, because first of all, I say goodbye, first of all, the pursuit of happiness is my.
Dogs will not thin, because it will not miss. One thin, think of others because he. People always miss being tortured, miss, do a poor stray dogs.
Everything is price, the price is happy painful.
At the beginning of Hou, we know, there is always the end.
Love has not yet arrived, the days are carefree; Most painful, it is tests and examinations. At that time, feel great pressure, but looking back, but is very small.
Some people are destined to wait for others, some people are doomed to be reciprocity.
I think that love can overcome all, who knows she sometimes without power. I think that love can fill a life of regret, however, create more regrettable, however, is just love.阴晴round repudiation of a period of constant repetition of love. For a person, are not the weather often blue.
Love should be the end of their time since the end of that time, you do not want to nor an end.
The same person, can not give you the same painful. When he hurt you repeat, that the wound had become accustomed to, has been feeling numbness, both in the number of injuries to him, the first time by far inferior to the injury then pain.
Love, the original is Michelia drink毒酒.
Loving a person is difficult to give up his beloved people even more difficult.
When the advent of love, of course, is happy. However, this happiness is to be paid, we should also learn to accept disappointment, grief and farewell. Since then, life is no longer purely.
Perhaps we can love two people at the same time, loved by two people. Unfortunately, we can only with one厮守to old age.
When love with a person, always a bit afraid, be afraid of him; Fear of losing him.
You have not been loved, you will cherish the future that the people love you.
Can not met, they miss each other. But once able to meet once go together, they will have mutual torture.
I just wanted to find a frustrated when I can take the tears in my happiness, can make me a bite on his shoulder.
If I do not love you, I will not miss you, I will not be jealous of you close to the opposite sex, I will not lose their self-confidence and fighting spirit, I will not be painful. If I can not love you, it该多好.
Parting is to reunite.
Love fires, or should not re-ignite, re-ignite, and those beautiful memories of the past will come to naught. If we do not have reunited, perhaps I Jian With his deep yearning contact with, until physical衰朽; However, at this moment, but I hate him. All the good days, a far一去不回.
The pursuit and the desire for only happy, but also frustrated and disappointed. After the frustration and disappointment that we learn treasure. You have not been loved, you will cherish the future that the people love you.
If emotion and time can also gently torn into pieces and thrown into the sea, then I am willing to silence henceforth in the seabed. Your words, I love to hear, and do not know how, my silence, you would like to see, do not understand.
Love was not complicated, but the name has always been, I did not love you, I hate you, it is out. How are you? Sorry.
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